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Self-care enables patients in improving quality of life and reducing hospital admissions. Research explored the experiences of patients about breathlessness, sleep problems and complication management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the self-care experiences and the role of the family in self-care are underexplored. This study aimed to understand the self-care experiences of patients with COPD and explore the role of the family in self-care. An interpretive phenomenological inquiry was used, and 13 patients were interviewed in 2019 from two hospitals in Pakistan. The inclusion criteria were patients above 30 years of age at any stage of COPD, who received a confirmed diagnosis of COPD and were receiving the treatment, and engaged in self-care at their homes or communities. The interviews lasted for 35-60 min. Ricoeur's interpretation theory was used for data analysis comprising steps explanation, naive understanding and in-depth understanding.Self-care emerged as a complex individual and familial endeavour affected by personal, social and economic factors. Poverty was one of the core determinants of self-care. Patients emphasised the spiritual, cultural and traditional approaches to self-care. Future research is warranted to develop better understanding of spiritual and cultural self-care and how these dimensions of self-care affect patients' self-care behaviours.

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Consistent mindful self-care practices mitigate professional burnout and improve resilience to enable nurses provide safe and effective patient care. This study determined the levels and the influencing factors of mindful self-care of nurses in acute care settings. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 258 nurses from seven acute care hospitals using the 36-item Mindful Self-Care Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation analyses. Nurses’ mindful self-care scores were low, and female nurses had higher levels of mindful self-care than male nurses. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between nurses’ mindful self-care levels and their age and clinical experience. Nurses’ engagement in mindful self-care is low which may negatively affect their interactions with and care of patients and their families. Therefore, a need exists to develop and evaluate more clinical-based personal and organizational strategies to enhance the mindful self-care practices of nurses.

Background Organizational culture affects nurse educators’ psychological empowerment. Limited research exists on the organizational culture and psychological empowerment in nursing educational environments and about the type of organizational factors affecting nurse educators’ psychological empowerment. Aim To explore nurse educators’ perceived organizational factors that affect their psychological empowerment. Methods A qualitative descriptive exploratory study was drawn from a larger sequential exploratory‐mixed‐methods study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 educators with both clinical and educational experience. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results We generated three themes: poor organizational structure, dynamics of educators–academic administrators’ relations, and educational tools and physical environment. The educators perceived factors were poor organizational structure, lack of collaboration across institutions and regulatory bodies, condescending attitudes of administrators and educators toward novice educators, limited teaching aids and scholarly resources, poorly defined roles, and underdeveloped and inconsistent curricula. Conclusions The identified organizational factors should be addressed to enhance educators’ psychological empowerment so that they can effectively teach students. Emphasis should be placed on developing collaboration among educators, academic administrators, and regulatory bodies to address these factors. Further quantitative research is warranted to assess the degree and strength of association of these factors with psychological empowerment.

Aims:To discuss and illustrate how meaningful integration can be achieved in instrument development design.Design: Discussion paper. Data Sources:A mixed-methods study about challenges of nurse educators in Pakistan. The building technique was implemented when the findings of the qualitative phase were integrated to develop an instrument to determine educators' challenges while teaching nursing students in academic and clinical settings. Implications for Nursing:Nurses are required to use cultural-and population-specific instruments for data collection. The six-step building approach can enable nurses to develop such instruments using rigorous and robust mixed-methods design. Conclusion:Building and merging techniques are used in instrument development design during and after the completion of the study, respectively. However, building technique is essential for using the qualitative findings to develop the instrument. The proposed building approach starts with a robust qualitative data analysis