The study aimed to seek for the effect of meteorological parameters and conditions on wave transport for both radio wave band that used by mobile phone communication and microwave band that used in 'TV' satellites by showing which atmospheric variable and conditions have a positive or negative effect on signal strength. Data of study was recorded perfectly from one selected point by hand using the same devices for all recording to exclude the error caused by changing device types. The results showed that atmospheric conditions had a noticeable effect on microwave signal band that used by 'TV' satellite especially when there was a rainy case, and for atmospheric 'UV' index it had a direct positive effect on radio waveband used by mobile phone because there was an increase in signal strength corresponding with increasing of 'UV' index (from 1 to 5 of UV index range). For temperature, the result showed inverse proportion with radio waveband signal, but relative humidity didn't show up any relations with both study band's signals. Day time variation of signals was recorded for both wavebands, the result of radio waveband signal fluctuated in semi sine wave shape but with decreasing trend along day time, and for 'TV' satellite microwave band signal the result recorded increasing trend along day time, and this may because of solar radiation activity but in general, the satellite band signal was higher affected by weather condition as compared with mobile phone radio wave signal band.
Most studies indicated that the values of atmospheric variables have changed from their general rates due to pollution or global warming etc. Hence, the research indicates the changes of direct solar radiation values over a whole century i.e. from 1900 to 2000 depending on registered data for four cities, namely (Mosul - Baghdad - Rutba - Basra. Moreover, attemptsto correlate the direct solar radiation with the temperature values have been recorded over that period. The results showed that there is a decreasing pattern of radiation quantities over time throughout the study period, where the value of direct radiation over the city of Baghdad 5550 w/m2 was recorded in the year 1900, but this ratio decreased clearly to approximately 5400 w/m2 in the year 2000, which is perhaps due to the increase of general pollution rates in the atmosphere. The results also showed that the city of Rutba recorded the highest annual rate of radiation quantities, and Baghdad with Mosul recorded the lowest radiation ratios compared to the rest of the cities, in addition to that there was a large convergence of radiation ratios between them to some extent. The results showed that there is a sharp drop in radiation ratios, specifically in the years1980and 1990. As for the extent of the relationship for solar radiation with temperature levels throughout the study period, it was found that there is an inverse relationship between them, and this confirms that the cause of high temperatures is not because of increased solar radiation, but it may rather due to other reasons such as increased greenhouse gases.
Troposphere height has extensive interaction with other atmospheric components; it gives a good indication of what happened inside; therefore, this work tried to investigate the heat rate effect on troposphere height, especially after the global warming intensity and increased temperature degree rate along the time; thus the study covered 13 years to understand the real behavior of troposphere. Data for this work was given from the European center for medium-range weather forecasting (ECMWF) over Baghdad city, the result showed that there is a fluctuation in troposphere height, and the difference between a higher and lower point in winter was about (120 m), and that was higher than its rate on summer which was about only (30 m), also the result denoted that the fluctuation frequency becomes lower in the late of the study period. On the other side, the study found that the coherence between temperature and troposphere height fluctuation becomes higher in summer than in winter. Still, in general, the troposphere height recorded an increasing trend over time of the study period. Keywords: Troposphere height, Temperature, Baghdad city, ECMWF, Seasonal variation.
The jet stream has wide importance in analyzing synoptic maps because it correlates with other meteorological factors, so the study attempted to study the sub-tropical jet stream (SJS) and shows the variation ranges of atmospheric variables on its path depending on highly accurate meteorological maps obtained from (University of Wyoming), and the study tried to show the correlation with surface temperature in Baghdad city depending on data given from automatic weather station that located above Mustansiriyah university building in Baghdad. The study area covers the middle east region focusing on the subtropical jet stream and showing its correlation with the pressure system type over Iraq inside the (300) hPa level. The result showed that the highest surface temperature in Baghdad was recorded after the starting of the subtropical jet stream in its region, and the highest pressure values in (300) hPa were over Iraq while the jet stream is passing its path. The study also showed that the sub-tropical jet stream corresponded with a higher value of temperature inside its path.
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