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Background: It was aimed to investigate effects of various conditions known to cause circadian rhythm disturbances (i.e. calorie restriction, time-restricted feeding, constant light exposure) on various peroxisomal parameters and to compare those effects with that of fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, in rats. Methods: Plasmalogens and some fatty acids in erythrocyte lysates were analyzed by GC. Peroxisomal metabolites including very long chain fatty acids as well as phytanic and pristanic acids in plasma were measured by GC-MS. Results: Unlike calorie restricted feeding, fenofibrate treatment yielded lower level of plasma phytanic acid concentration implying higher peroxisomal α-oxidation rate. However both calorie restriction and fenofibrate treatment exhibited lower plasmalogen, DHA and arachidonic acid contents of erythrocyte lysates. Conclusion: Shared effects of conditions associated with circadian rhythm disturbances and peroxisomal induction by fenofibrate on erythrocyte membrane lipids might indicate a link between them.