Commission I, WG I/4 KEY WORDS: Absolute radiometric calibration; Göktürk-2, Tuz Gölü, NDVI ABSTRACT:TÜBİTAK UZAY has conducted a research study on the use of space-based satellite resources for several aspects of agriculture. Especially, there are two precision agriculture related projects: HASSAS (Widespread application of sustainable precision agriculture practices in Southeastern Anatolia Project Region (GAP) Project) and AKTAR (Smart Agriculture Feasibility Project). The HASSAS project aims to study development of precision agriculture practice in GAP region. Multi-spectral satellite imagery and aerial hyperspectral data along with ground measurements was collected to analyze data in an information system. AKTAR aims to develop models for irrigation, fertilization and spectral signatures of crops in Inner Anatolia. By the end of the project precision agriculture practices to control irrigation, fertilization, pesticide and estimation of crop yield will be developed. Analyzing the phenology of crops using NDVI is critical for the projects. For this reason, absolute radiometric calibration of the Red and NIR bands in space-based satellite sensors is an important issue. The Göktürk-2 satellite is an earth observation satellite which was designed and built in Turkey and was launched in 2012. The Göktürk-2 satellite sensor has a resolution 2.5 meters in panchromatic and 5 meters in R/G/B/NIR bands. The absolute radiometric calibration of the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor was performed via the ground-based measurementsspectra-radiometer, sun photometer, and meteorological station-in Tuz Gölü cal/val site in 2015. In this paper, the first ground-based absolute radiometric calibration results of the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor using Tuz Gölü is demonstrated. The absolute radiometric calibration results of this paper are compared with the published cross-calibration results of the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor utilizing Landsat 8 imagery. According to the experimental comparison results, the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor coefficients for red and NIR bands estimated in this work sustained to agree within 2% of calibration coefficients estimated in the cross-calibration results.
Turkey is a county that experiences rapid socioeconomic development, which, in turn, leads to high urbanization rates due to migration of people from rural to urban areas, many large-scale development projects (e.g. highways, dams, housing and infrastructure), and environmental problems that adversely affect agriculture, such as soil erosion and deforestation. Furthermore, Turkey lies in a region prone to natural disasters, especially earthquakes, landslides, flooding and forest fires. Successfully overcoming these challenges requires continuous monitoring to enable rapid response as well as the development of effective socioeconomic policies. In this regard, space-based earth observation (EO) systems play a critical role in the rapid acquisiton and extraction of crucial information. The first launch of the first Turkish-designed satellite, RASAT, in 2011 led to the wide-spread exploitation of space-based resources by Turkish institutions through the dissemination of EO data on an open and free basis via the GEZGIN internet portal (http://www.gezgin.gov.tr). The push for data sharing was further instigated by the nationally funded project GEOPORTAL (“Satellite Image Processing and Geoportal Development Project”) and European Union FP7 project EOPOWER (“Earth Observation for Economic Empowerment”), which strove to create conditions for sustainable economic development through the increased use of Earth observation products and services for environmental applications. In this work, the technical challenges involving processing and preparing raw satellite data for dissemination as well as software design of the GEZGIN Portal will be presented.
Commission I, WG I/4 KEY WORDS: Absolute radiometric calibration; Göktürk-2, Tuz Gölü, NDVI ABSTRACT:TÜBİTAK UZAY has conducted a research study on the use of space-based satellite resources for several aspects of agriculture. Especially, there are two precision agriculture related projects: HASSAS (Widespread application of sustainable precision agriculture practices in Southeastern Anatolia Project Region (GAP) Project) and AKTAR (Smart Agriculture Feasibility Project). The HASSAS project aims to study development of precision agriculture practice in GAP region. Multi-spectral satellite imagery and aerial hyperspectral data along with ground measurements was collected to analyze data in an information system. AKTAR aims to develop models for irrigation, fertilization and spectral signatures of crops in Inner Anatolia. By the end of the project precision agriculture practices to control irrigation, fertilization, pesticide and estimation of crop yield will be developed. Analyzing the phenology of crops using NDVI is critical for the projects. For this reason, absolute radiometric calibration of the Red and NIR bands in space-based satellite sensors is an important issue. The Göktürk-2 satellite is an earth observation satellite which was designed and built in Turkey and was launched in 2012. The Göktürk-2 satellite sensor has a resolution 2.5 meters in panchromatic and 5 meters in R/G/B/NIR bands. The absolute radiometric calibration of the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor was performed via the ground-based measurementsspectra-radiometer, sun photometer, and meteorological station-in Tuz Gölü cal/val site in 2015. In this paper, the first ground-based absolute radiometric calibration results of the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor using Tuz Gölü is demonstrated. The absolute radiometric calibration results of this paper are compared with the published cross-calibration results of the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor utilizing Landsat 8 imagery. According to the experimental comparison results, the Göktürk-2 satellite sensor coefficients for red and NIR bands estimated in this work sustained to agree within 2% of calibration coefficients estimated in the cross-calibration results.
Radyometrik kalibrasyon, uydu algılayısıcısının gerçek fiziksel özelliklere uygunluğunu sağlanmayı ve test etmeyi mümkün kılar. Radyometrik kalibrasyon çalışmaları belirli koşulları sağlayan geniş ve homojen sahalarda yapılabilmektedir. Mutlak radyometrik kalibrasyon uydu verisinin devamlılığı, güvenirliliği ve yaygın kullanımı için önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Mutlak radyometrik kalibrasyon çalışmalarına Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumuna bağlı olan TÜBİTAK Uzay Teknolojileri Araştırma Enstitüsü öncülük etmektedir. TÜBİTAK UZAY'ın girişimleri ve araştırmaları sonucunda, CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, Yer Gözlem Uyduları Komitesi) tarafından kalibrasyon çalışmaları için referans verilen 8 kalibrasyon sahasından biri hâline gelen Tuz Gölü, ülkemizde ve dünyada gerçekleştirilen radyometrik kalibrasyon alanında çalışan araştırmacılara ev sahipliği yapmaya devam etmektedir. TÜBİTAK UZAY, CONTROLS Projesi ile 2009 yılında başlattığı radyometrik kalibrasyon çalışmalarına, 2013 yılında başlayan Kalkınma Bakanlığı destekli Uydu Görüntü İşleme ve Geoportal Oluşturma Projesi (GEOPORTAL) ile devam etmektedir. GEOPORTAL Projesi kapsamında her sene ağustos ve/veya eylül aylarında millî yer gözlem uydularımız RASAT ve Göktürk-2'nin mutlak radyometrik kalibrasyonu için Tuz Gölü'nde saha çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Göktürk-2'nin mutlak radyometik kalibrasyon prosedürü ve yersel/atmosferik verilerin açık kaynak kodlu Işınım Benzetim Simulatör'ü ile işlenmesi özetlenecektir. Tuz Gölü 2015 ve 2017 kampanya verileri ile hesaplanan Göktürk-2 bantlarına ait radyometrik kazançlar kıyaslanacaktır.
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