Objective: To assess the frequency of proteus mirabilis infections in patients of rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: A total of 100 cases of rheumatoid arthritis with urinary tract infection were enrolled. Freshly voided urine samples were obtained and sent to the pathology lab. The serotypes of proteus mirabilis were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting and presence of proteus mirabilis was noted. Results: A total of 100 cases of rheumatoid arthritis with urinary tract infection were recruited. The mean age of patients was 61.22 ± 10.18 years. There were total 67 (67%) females and 33 (33%) were males. About 79 (79%) patients had sedentary lifestyle while 21 (21%) had active lifestyle. There were 41 (41%) patients had positive urine culture with proteus mirabilis while 59 (59%) had other organism involved in urine infection. Conclusion: The high frequency of proteus mirabilis infection has been detected and the frequency was of females with complaint of urinary tract infection was high.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of rifaximin in reducing the frequency of recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy among patients with liver cirrhosis. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient department of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar from Jan to Jun 2017. Methodology: We included one hundred patients of either gender having liver cirrhosis with child Pugh B or C class with at least two previous episodes of hepatic encephalopathy. Patients were followed for six months to have any recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy. Conventional group was defined as having standard regimen including lactulose. Rifaximin treatment was defined as a 550mg BD daily dosing along with standard prescription. Results: Fifty patients were on conventional treatment to prevent recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy while 50 patients were using rifaximin in addition to standard prescription. The average age of 54.8 ± 6.1 years with 58% male patients and 48% in child-pugh B class. Thirty (30%) patients developed hepatic encephalopathy among the study population. 14 patients with recurrence belong to rifaximin group while 16 were on conventional treatment (p-value >0.05) showing a non-significant difference. Post stratification revealed only age as a significant predictor of recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in our study population (p<0.05). Conclusion: Frequency of hepatic encephalopathy is similar in conventional treatment with Lactulose over six months of follow up as compared with rifaximin.
Objective: To assess the increased frequency of serum C-peptide levels in patients of colorectal carcinoma. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: A total of 100 cases of colorectal carcinoma were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained to assess C-peptide level. The C-peptide serum concentrations were deliberate through the Cobas 6000 by using the electro-chemi-luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method. If level of C-peptide was >2 pmol/mL, then it was noted. Results: The mean age of all patients was 58.3 ± 5.4 years. There was a total of 136 (68%) females and 64 (32%) were males. The mean BMI of patients was 28.96 ± 12.31 kg/m2. The family history of colorectal carcinoma was positive in 6 (6%) cases. The mean C-peptide level was 4.55 ± 2.37 pmol/L. There were 33 (33%) patients with raised C-peptide level while 67 (67%) had normal c-peptide level. Conclusion: It is concluded that increased C-peptide level is high in patients with colorectal cancer.
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