Corn silage, an important forage fed to dairy cows in the United States, is energy rich but protein poor. The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effects on production of milk and milk components of feeding corn silage-based diets with 4 levels of dietary crude protein (CP) plus rumen-protected methionine (RPM). Thirty-six cows were blocked by days in milk into 9 squares and randomly assigned to 9 balanced 4 × 4 Latin squares with four 4-wk periods. All diets were formulated to contain, as a percent of dry matter (DM), 50% corn silage, 10% alfalfa silage, 4% soyhulls, 2.4% mineral-vitamin supplement, and 30% neutral detergent fiber. Supplemental RPM (Mepron, Evonik Corp., Kennesaw, GA) was added to all diets to maintain a Lys:Met ratio of 3.1 in digested AA. Ground high-moisture corn was reduced and soybean meal (SBM) plus RPM increased to give diets containing, on average, 11% CP (28% corn, 31% starch, 6% SBM, 4 g of RPM/d), 13% CP (23% corn, 29% starch, 10% SBM, 8 g of RPM/d), 15% CP (19% corn, 26% starch, 15% SBM, 10 g of RPM/d), and 17% CP (14% corn, 24% starch, 19% SBM, 12 g of RPM/d). Data from the last 14 d of each period were analyzed using the mixed procedures in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). With the exception of milk fat and milk lactose content, we found no significant effects of diet on all production traits. We did note linear responses to dietary CP concentration for intake, production of milk and milk components, and MUN. Cows fed the 11% CP diet had reduced DM intake, lost weight, and yielded less milk and milk components. Mean separation indicated that only true protein yield was lower on 13% CP than on 17% dietary CP, but not different between 15 and 17% CP. This indicated no improvement in production of milk and milk components above 15% CP. Quadratic trends for yield of milk, energy-corrected milk, and true protein suggested that a dietary CP concentration greater than 15% may be necessary to maximize production or, alternately, that a plateau was reached and no further CP was required. Although diet influenced apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber, digestibility did not increase linearly with dietary CP. However, we observed linear and quadratic effects of dietary CP on acid detergent fiber digestibility. As expected, we found a linear effect of dietary CP on apparent N digestibility and on fecal and urinary N excretion, but no effect of diet on estimated true N digestibility. Ruminal concentrations of ammonia, total AA, peptides, and branched-chain volatile fatty acids also increased linearly with dietary CP. Quadratic responses indicated that 14.0 to 14.8% CP was necessary to optimize digestion and energy utilization. Overall results indicated that, when RPM was added to increase Lys:Met to 3.1, 15% CP was adequate for lactating dairy cows fed corn silage diets supplemented with SBM and secreting about 40 kg of milk/d; N excretion was lower than at 17% CP but with no reduction in yield of milk and milk components.

-The present study was conducted to determine the effects of supplemented juniper berry (Juniperus communis) on fattening performance and some carcass traits of quails. A total of 150 one-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly divided into five groups (one control and four treated groups) with three replicates. Four different juniper berry levels (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%) and a control treatment (0%) were added to the diet. Juniper berry supplementation to the diets initiated at the end of the 1st week and sustained for seven weeks. Live weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio during the trial and some carcass traits after slaughter were determined. Juniper berry supplementation in the diet during seven weeks of growing period significantly increased body weight, cumulative feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of the treated groups. Carcass weight, carcass yield, and breast yield were also significantly increased by supplemented juniper berry. No significant difference was observed between viability of different groups. Supplementation of 0.5-1% juniper berry in quail diets has positive impacts on fattening performance and carcass traits.

Hungarian vetch intercropped with wheat (50%:50%) planted at dryland in Autumn, and were harvested 7 times at 1 wk intervals throughout mid June and late July. The aim of study was to determined the effects of varying harvested of the mixture on nutrient content,in vitro digestibility, relative feed value (RFV) and rumen degradation kinetics. While harvest effect did not differ hay of Hungarian vetch + wheat on dry matter (DM), ash and organic matter, NDF and ADF ratios increased, and the crude protein ratios increased up to July, 20 degradabilities were determined between 30.10-53.24% and its were statistically decreased with increasing maturity (P<0.01). Forage yield 1385-1643 kg/da, dry herbage yield 363-654 kg/da and dry matter yield 344-621 kg/da were throughout harvesting period.Forage yield increased significantly as from July, 6 the harvesting stage (P<0.01). in vitro dry matter digestibilities of the mixtures hay declined rapidly because of maturity from first harvesting to end harvesting (P<0.01). RFV of the mixtures were determined between 106-180. The DM degradabilities in rumen decreased with delaying harvest of the mixtures. Degradation rates of the mixtures were not statistically founded between 0.015-0.033 h-1. Effective DM degradabilities were determined between 30.10-53.24% and its were statistically decreased with increasing maturity (P<0.01). In conclusion, according to investigated parameters 30.10-36.68% of DM of Hungarian vetch and wheat mixtures or milk stage of wheat seemed to be the best harvesting stage for forage. Keywords:In vitro digestibility, Mixture of Hungarian vetch and wheat, Relative feed value, Effective rumen dry matter degradability

Bu çalışma, Macar fiğinin farklı ekim zamanlarına göre verim, kalite ve besin elementleri içerikleri açısından gösterdiği farklılıkları ortaya koymak amacıyla 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016 yıllarında Bingöl ili ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Eylül ayının ikinci yarısından başlamak üzere 10 günlük aralıklarla 4 ekim zamanı seçilmiştir. Bitki boyu, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi açısından birinci ekim zamanlarının en yüksek değerleri verdiği, ham protein oranlarının ise ekim zamanları açısından istatistiksel olarak bir farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. En düşük asit deterjan lif (ADF) ve nötral deterjan lif (NDF) oranları ile en yüksek sindirilebilir kuru madde ve nispi yem değerlerinin de birinci ekim zamanından elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Besin elementleri açısından ise Ca, Mg ve K açısından ekim zamanları arasında bir fark olmadığı ve ekim zamanı geciktikçe P oranında ise azalmalar olduğu görülmüştür. Bingöl ve benzeri ekolojik koşullara sahip karasal bölgelerde, Macar fiği ekiminin, Eylül ayının ikinci yarısından itibaren mümkün olduğunca erken yapılmasının verim ve kalite açısından avantajlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Changes inYield, Quality and Nutrient Content of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) in Different Sowing Times Article Info

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