The purpose of this study is to investigate the general self-efficacy beliefs of licensed swimming referees who actively serve in Turkish Swimming Federation in terms of variables age, gender, educational status, level of referee, the reason to become a referee, professional experience and satisfaction level. The population of the study is composed of a total of 450 swimming referees participating to the Swimming Referee Development Seminar in Antalya in 2016. In addition, the research sample is randomly selected by 212 swimming referees (6 FINA, 74 National and 132 Provincial referees) including 95 females and 117 males were selected in this seminar. A five-point likert-scale “General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)”, which was developed by Sherer et al. (1982), presented by Magaletta and Oliver (1999) as 17 items and adapted into Turkish culture by Yıldırım and İlhan (2010), was used in the study as data collection tool. Necessary formal permissions were obtained from Turkish Swimming Federation for the scale applied to the referees. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, an independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-Hoc test (Tukey HSD) were applied to data by using SPSS Statistics. An analysis with p<0.05 is considered statistically significant. Cronbach Alpha value was calculated as .949 for the scale. As a result of factorial analysis, two factors with an eigenvalue greater than one were obtained, and it was observed that these two factorial structures revealed 62.63% of the total variance. In addition, according to Bartlett’s test, this test was considered significant (p<0.05). As a result of the study, it was found that the swimming referees showed significant differences in terms of the variables of general self-efficacy beliefs such as level of referee, the reason to become a referee, professional experience and satisfaction level and it can be said that these variables are the determinants of the self-efficacy beliefs of swimming referees.
The aim of this study was to examine the COVID-19 fear of high school students in the COVID-19 pandemic proccess, based on a few characteristics. Within the scope of this aim, the study’s research group; in the 2020-2021 academic year, a total of 760 students, 382 girls and 378 boys, were identified using a sample technique that can be readily located among high school students who continue their studies in Krşehir province. In the research, for determining the COVID-19 fear levels of students, Ahorsu et al. (2020), and Bakioğlu et al. (2020) “COVID-19 Fear Scale” adapted into Turkish was used. Kolmogorov-Smirnowa values showed that the data were normally distributed. Frequency and percentage analyzes were applied in descriptive statistics, T test was used in the analysis of binary groups, and One way Anova was used in the analysis of three or more groups. As a result of these analyzes, it was determined that the high school students participating in the study had a moderate (x̄ = 15.7) fear of COVID-19. It was determined that the COVID-19 fear levels of high school students the pandemic process, according to the gender variable, the COVID-19 fears of female students (x̄ = 17.26) were significantly higher than male students (x̄ = 14.21). Yet, it was determined that the variables of age, class, being in the school team, doing licensed sports, type of sports, duration of doing sports and getting COVID-19 disease did not have a significant effect on high school students’ fear of COVID-19. As a conclusion, it was shown that fear of COVID-19 in high school students created substantial disparities in favor of girls only on the basis of gender. Other characteristics revealed in the study had no significant effect on high school students’ COVID-19 fear levels.
Bu çalışmanın amacı lise düzeyindeki gençlerin geleneksel Türk sporlarının uygulanmasına yönelik eğilimlerinin ve farkındalıklarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışma Gaziantep ilinde lise çağında bulunan 625 (14-19 yaş arası) genç üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanması araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgiler ve geleneksel Türk sporlarına yönelik görüşlerini belirlemeye yönelik yapılandırılmış soruları içeren anket ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans ve yüzdesel oran analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiği zaman gençlerin en fazla yapmak istedikleri ve ilgilerini çeken sporların kızak sporu ve atlı okçuluk olduğu görülmektedir. Gençler tarafından en az bilinen branşın ise aba güreşi olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda gençlerin geleneksel Türk sporlarından bazı branşlar hakkında yeterli bilgi ve farkındalığa sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gençlerin geleneksel sporlara ilgi ve eğilimlerinin düşük seviyede 1 Bu çalışma 3. Uluslararası Avrasya Spor, Eğitim ve Toplum Kongresi'nde sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. MANAS Journal of Social Studies 567 olduğu ve yapılacak çeşitli uygulamalarla, ilgi ve bilgilenmelerinin sağlanmasının bu sporların gelecek nesillere aktarılmasında önemli bir eksikliği gidereceği kanaatindeyiz.
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