Moreover, women are 1.5 times more likely to be constipated than men (3). Insufficient fluid intake can also be one of the causative factors for constipation by forming a hard stool (15).The study conducted by Dehn et al. (16) demonstrated the relationship between toilet habits and the risk of hemorrhoids. Goldstein et al. (17) attempted to examine the relationship between constipation and reading habits during defecation. However, this study included many bowel diseases besides constipation, and only toilet reading was questioned. In a recently published paper, Berney ( 18) stated that over the last few years they have been getting a lot of complaints from young adults with no significant risk factors referred to them with symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease. He found that the patients mostly reported prolonged sitting time on the toilet due to frequent smartphone usage therefore decided to ask patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms about their smartphone usage during their time on the toilet (18). In his paper, he named this situation the "Smartphone Lavatory Syndrome" (18). The study by Çelik (19) attempted to investigate the relationship between hemorrhoid incidence and smartphone use in Turkey, however, the study is not yet completed.This study aims to evaluate Acıbadem University students' self-awareness of their constipation statuses and investigate whether
Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acute physical exercise and acute mental exercise on visual reaction time in healthy medical students. Methods: We used a simple reaction time task software developed by the researchers to measure the visual reaction times of the subjects. Reaction times of subjects as well as pulse rates were measured on three different occasions: basal (resting), post acute mental exercise and post acute physical exercise. The acute physical exercise was constructed to last for 5 minutes in a way that would double the basal pulse rate of the participant. The acute mental exercise was induced by five minutes of ADD-3 arithmetics. All volunteered physically healthy medical students from four different medical schools in Turkey without red-green color deficiencies were included in the study. Results: A total of 232 (136 male, 96 female) individuals with a mean age of 20.79 ± 1.42 were included in the study. Differences between basal reaction time and post-physical exercise reaction time; the basal reaction time and post-mental exercise reaction time were found to be statistically significant. Basal reaction time of participants was found to be the key element deriving both post-mental and physical exercise reaction times. Also, one unit increase in the number of ADD-3 problems solved was associated with 0.21 units decrease in post-mental exercise reaction time. Conclusion: Both acute mental exercise and acute physical exercise can shorten visual reaction time. Our results also indicate that there might be a relationship between arithmetic capability (ADD-3 arithmetics performance) and visual reaction time.
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