Objective: To investigate the relationship between complaints and serum trace elements and oxidative stress levels in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).

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Background/Aim: Our aim is to explain the presence of pdl1 in nasal polyp by immunohistochemical method. Detecting the PD-1 changes in nasal polyp tissue may explain the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and may help develop new methods in the treatment of nasal polyps.Methods: 20 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery due to nasal polyps and 20 patients who underwent surgery for functional and/or aesthetic reasons and whose septum and turbinate mucosa were removed were included retrospectively. Thick sections were taken from paraffin blocks for applying immunohistochemical PDL-1 antibodies.Results: PDL-1 positivity in nasal polyp tissues was significantly higher than normal nasal mucosa epithelium (P=0.01). The recurrence rate was significantly increased in patients with PDL-1 staining compared to other patients. (P=0.006) Conclusion: PDL-1 was significantly increased in our patients with CRSwNP and presence of PDl-1 is a predictive factor for recurrence in nasal polyposis.

To detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in tonsillar tissue, and to investigate the difference in Helicobacter pylori colonization in patients with tonsillary hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. One hundred twenty-two patients underwent tonsillectomy due to chronic tonsillitis. or tonsillary hypertrophy was included in our retrospective study. The tonsillectomy materials of the patients were stained with the Giemsa stain and evaluated under light microscopy. The data obtained in the study were evaluated statistically and results with a p-value of <0.05 were accepted as significant. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 11.9 years. Ninety-three (76.2%) patients were in the pediatric age group, and 29 (23.8%) were adults. Fifty-five (45.1%) patients were female and 67 (54.9) were male. Eighty patients underwent tonsillectomy due to tonsillary hypertrophy and 42 due to chronic tonsillitis. In our study, the presence of Helicobacter pylori was detected in 21 (17.2%) patients. The presence of Helicobacter pylori colonization in patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillary hypertrophy indicates that tonsils are an extra-stomach reservoir for Helicobacter pylori.