We found a significant VMO weakness, and this method may provide quantitative data that might influence the diagnosis of muscle weakness, in female patients with PFPS.

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The authors recommend first estimating the anteversion of the femoral component relative to lesser trochanter and then adjusting the position of the acetabular component to that anteversion of the femoral component to improve stability and reduce impingement.

Endoscopic calcaneoplasty with the patient in the prone or supine position appears to be a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of retrocalcaneal bursitis and Haglund's disease.

Peroneus quartus may lead to some pathologic conditions (pain, snapping, tear, synovitis, etc.) in the lateral ankle compartment but it may be used to reconstruct some pathologic conditions. Orthopaedics, anatomists and radiologists should be aware of this accessory tendon structure because of its clinical importance.

Scaphoid nonunion is a challenging situation for orthopaedic surgeons. Nonunion rate is especially high in proximal pole fractures of the scaphoid due to tenuous retrograde blood supply. The use of pedicled vascularized bone grafts for the treatment of scaphoid nonunion provides both good clinical and radiological outcomes. The preserved vascularity of the graft leads to better bone remodelling, less osteopenia, faster incorporation and better maintenance of bone mass compared to the conventional non-vascularized grafting. Pedicled vascularized bone grafts also allow the correction of the carpal alignment and humpback deformity of the scaphoid. Clinical and radiological results have been satisfactory and promising, making us anticipate that the role of vascularized bone grafting for the treatment of carpal diseases will increase. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:1-8. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190021

The femoral neck injection technique provides high intraarticular contrast volume and produces less extraarticular contrast leakage than the femoral head injection technique when US guidance is used for MR arthrography of the hip.

ObjectiveIdiopathic flexible pes planus (IFPP) is a common foot problem in adolescents and young adults. Hypothesis for the present study was that combination of procedures for IFPP can achieve results in adolescents and young adults that are as good as those seen in adult-acquired pes planovalgus (AAPP) treatment in adults.MethodsA total of 21 feet of 18 patients (10 boys, 8 girls) with mean age of 15.6 years underwent surgical reconstruction for flatfoot deformity. Symptomatic patients who had been unresponsive to conservative treatment were included in study group. Mean follow-up time was 39.2 months. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were calculated for all patients, and based on final results, all families were asked whether or not they would elect to have the surgery again in same circumstances.ResultsAll procedures were performed by the same surgeon: lateral column calcaneal lengthening osteotomy on 21 feet; percutaneous lengthening or gastrocnemius recession for Achilles tendon on 21 feet; medializing calcaneal osteotomy on 15 feet; flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer on 15 feet; medial cuneiform opening wedge osteotomy on 5 feet, spring ligament plication on 3 feet, and accessory navicular bone excision on 2 feet.Preoperative mean AOFAS score increased significantly from 56.76 to 95.29. All parents stated that they were satisfied with surgery results and would choose to have the same surgery performed again.ConclusionSoft tissue and bony procedures used for reconstruction of AAPP can be used safely for IFPP in adolescents and young adults.Level of clinical evidenceLevel IV, Therapeutic study.