Three new triterpenoids, bonianic acids A (1), and B (2) and 3-O-acetyluncaric acid (3) were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Radermachera boniana (Bignoniaceae), together with six known compounds ursolic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), 3-epi-oleanolic acid (6), 3α-O-acetyl-α-boswellic acid (7), ergosterol peroxide (8), and β-sitostenone (9). Ergosterol peroxide (8), bonianic acids A (1) and B (2) exhibited significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.

Two new clerodane diterpenoids (1 and 2) and the known compound caseanigrescen D (3) were isolated from the leaves of Casearia grewiifolia by bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were determined by analyses of MS and 2D NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by analysis of X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma cells), HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells), LU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). Caseagrewifolin B (2) had inhibitory activity against KB and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.2 to 7.0 μM, respectively. When tested against the normal cells (NIH/3T3), caseagrewifolin B (2) exhibited a significant selective inhibition against cancer cells in comparison with the normal cells. Caseanigrescen D (3) was cytotoxic against four cancer cell lines; however it had no selective inhibition compared with normal cells.

Two novel Lycopodium alkaloids, huperphlegmines A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Huperzia phlegmaria collected in Vietnam, together with the five known compounds lycophlegmariol A (3), phlegmariurine B (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5), rhemanone C (6), and loliolide (7). The chemical structures of the present compounds were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopy, and by comparisons to the reported data in the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, with IC values of 25.95 ± 0.67 and 29.14 ± 0.77 μg/mL, respectively.