A variety
of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions were
carried out mechanochemically to great advantage. On average, reactions
rates were nine-times faster. The corresponding kinetic studies presented
provide the clearest head-to-head kinetic comparisons between mechanochemical
and conventional systems at identical temperatures. Attempts are provided
at classifying the kinetics of one example. Removal of polar, protic
solvents from these reactions presents environmental benefits to a
reaction class whose kinetics are heavily dependent on such solvents.
Over the last several years, chemists and engineers have identified the utility of using twin-screw extruders for performing large-scale organic chemistry mechanochemically. This equipment is convenient as it is familiar...
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