The study is conducted in Ba Be National Park which is the specially protected natural area (SPNA) of Vietnam. The paper analyzes changes and makes prediction of forest land cover in National Park. For these purposes satellite images (Landsat-5 and Landsat-8) acquired for the year of 1992, 2003 and 2019 were used. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to identify vegetation quality. Forest land cover was classified by 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier algorithm. In order to detect and evaluate forest land cover change, supervised classification and image differencing method are applied. Then, Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model is employed predict of forest land cover in this area. The results of the study indicate that forest land cover change is being transformed in Ba Be National Park. According to our estimate, from 1992 to 2019, the area covered by woody vegetation increased by 1.1%. By 2035, the area of broad-leaved forests will increase by 9.7%, due to a decrease in areas of meadows and shrubs. The increase in forest cover protected areas is explained by the measures taken by the Vietnamese government to expand the forest area in the country.
The object of research - new growth and undergrowth under the canopy of growing stocks with predomination of a beech tree as the first and the second storeys. Our work objective - monetization of tree resources deposited with new growth and undergrowth of beech forests of North Caucasus. The structure of the new growth and the undergrowth is not uniform in height and composition, it varies essentially among the subjects of research. The mean number of the new growth is 8988 pcs/ha and of the undergrowth - 1998 exemplars/ha. The mean height of the new growth is 0.65 m, of the undergrowth - 0.86 m. The mass of one plant of the mean height in the air-dry condition is equal to 0.24 kg for the new growth and 0.55 kg for the undergrowth. The income amount from sales of the undergrowth is less than from the new growth. While the maximum total income from sales of the new growth and undergrowth phytomass may be about 43 ths/ha. Final results depend significantly on the structure by height, on the composition and the number of the new growth and the undergrowth.
Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée adult had white insect into dark brown colour. Wings were marked by three small triangular with a pinkish to bluish colour mixed pinkish orangish or dark brown. L. orbonalis female dimension were about 9.6 – 12.3mm, the dimension of L.orbonalis male were 8.1 – 9.5mm. Eggs were 1.0 – 1.2mm in length and oval or elliptical shape. The incubation time was around 5.0 – 6.0 days. Larvae are developed by six stages of age, larvae development period lasts 10 – 12 days. Pupae were pink to dark pink in colour and shiny with the length, width were 11.47 – 15.33 mm, 4.40 – 6.45mm respectively. Pupae developed about 8 – 9 days. The life cycle of L. orbonalis lasted 25.30 ± 0.92 days. L. orbonalis feeding in laboratory had high hatching rate, just 9.36% were not hatched. The early stage of larvae had high death-rate (27.98%) mainly due to dispersion. The older larvae had lower death-rate (10.12%). Pupae had high developed rate, only 4.10% were not development. There were equal rate between male and female adult of L. orbonalis. Laying eggs period of female adult lasted 3 days, in there the first day was the highest laying rate (113 eggs/female/day). L. orbonalis densities were highest on the young shoot and fruit of eggplant at the stage after planting 95 – 150 days and was reduced in a after growing.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.