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Chronic wounds are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Even though utilizing nitric oxide (NO) as a gas medicine to repair diabetic wounds presents a promising strategy, controlling the NO release behavior in the affected area, which is vital for NO-based therapy, still remains a significant challenge. In this work, a copper-based metal–organic framework, namely, HKUST-1, has been introduced as a NO-loading vehicle, and a NO sustained release system with the core–shell structure has been designed through the electrospinning method. The results show that the NO is quantificationally and stably loaded in the HKUST-1 particles, and the NO-loaded HKUST-1 particles are well incorporated into the core layer of the coaxial nanofiber. Therefore, NO can be controllably released with an average release rate of 1.74 nmol L–1 h–1 for more than 14 days. Moreover, the additional copper ions released from the degradable HKUST-1 play a synergistic role with NO to promote endothelial cell growth and significantly improve the angiogenesis, collagen deposition as well as anti-inflammatory property in the wound bed, which eventually accelerate the diabetic wound healing. These results suggest that such a copper-based metal–organic framework material as a controllable NO-releasing vehicle is a highly efficient therapy for diabetic wounds.

Hard carbon materials derived from biomass sources, such as sucrose, glucose, cotton, holly leaf, and eggshell membrane, have been intensively investigated as anodes for SIBs because of their high capacity. [4] However, these materials usually exhibit a very low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), which hampers their practical application. [4a,d,e] For example, Pan and co-workers fabricated hard carbon microspheres using sucrose as a precursor, and their ICE was 40%. [4a] Palacín and co-workers prepared a hard carbon material using sugar as a precursor, and its ICE was ≈62%. [5] Li et al. used carbonized eggshell membrane as an anode for sodium storage, but its ICE was 45%. [4e] Zhang and co-workers prepared a hard carbon sheet-like structure using cherry petals as the raw material and achieved ICE of 67.3%. [6] Hu and co-workers prepared a carbonized leaf membrane from natural leaf as a binder-free anode for SIBs, and this anode exhibited ICE of 74.8%. [4d] Many previous studies attribute the low ICE of hard carbon materials to their large specific surface area, which may result in side reactions with the electrolyte, and these side reactions can be reduced by surface modification, such as coating the surface with soft carbon. [7] However, some experiments have demonstrated that a low specific surface area does not necessarily result in an enhancement of the ICE. [8] For instance, Billaud and co-workers fabricated pitch-based carbon fibers with specific areas as low as 1.2 and 1 m 2 g −1 , but their ICE values were only ≈33% and 15%, respectively. [9] Cao et al. synthesized hard carbon nanoparticles and hollow carbon nanowires by pyrolysis of a polyaniline precursor at the same temperature. [10b] The surface area of the hard carbon nanoparticles (23.5 m 2 g −1 ) was 30% smaller than that of the hollow carbon nanowires (31.4 m 2 g −1 ), but the ICE of the hard carbon nanoparticles (51.6%) was only 1.2% higher than that of the hollow carbon nanowires (50.5%). Mitlin and co-workers found that although the progressively decreasing surface area (from 55 to 21 m 2 g −1 ) plays a role in the increasing ICE (from 43.9% to 60.1%) as the carbonization temperature of carbonized peat moss increases (from 600 to 1400 °C), the ICE of the optimized materials was larger than that reported for high-performance carbonaceous materials (51.6%) with lower surface areas (31.4 m 2 g −1 ). [10b,11] These results suggested that other factors are responsible for the low ICE. Hard carbon Practical application of hard carbon materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is largely limited by their low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), which may be improved by increasing the graphitization degree. However, biomassderived hard carbon is usually nongraphitizable and extremely difficult to graphitize by direct heating even at 3000 °C. Herein, a general strategy is reported for fabricating hard carbon materials with graphite crystals at 1300 °C promoted by external graphite that serves as a crystal template for the growth of graphite cry...

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and many patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. The treatment of advanced liver cancer has made significant strides in recent years, owing to the practice of immunotherapy drugs. Numerous studies have been published on immunotherapy for HCC; however, no relevant bibliometric study has been published. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the current situation and to identify potential new research directions by conducting a bibliometric analysis on immunotherapy for HCC.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for articles related to immunotherapy for HCC. Three software (VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and python) were primarily used to assess the contribution and co-occurrence relationships of various countries/regions, institutes, journals, and, authors as well as to identify research hotspots and promising future trends in this research field.ResultsA total of 1,641 English articles published between 2011 and 2020 were collected, with the number of articles increasing nearly every year. The majority of publications originated from China (n = 893, 54.42%), followed by the United States and Japan. The Sun Yat-sen University contributed the most publications (n = 97, 5.91%). Nakatsura Tetsuya (n = 26) and Llovet JM (n = 366) were ranked first in the top ten authors and co-cited authors. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy was the most productive academic journal on immunotherapy for HCC [n = 46, 2.80%; impact factor (IF) 2020 = 6.9679]. Aggregation and identification of critical nodes in the co-cited network demonstrated a shift in the field of HCC immunotherapy. Initially, the hotspots were predominantly “glypican-3”, “cytokine-induced killer cells”, and “ny-eso-1”, while the emphasis has shifted in recent years to “landscape”, “camrelizumab”, “combination therapy”, and “immune score”.ConclusionIncreased attention has been paid to HCC with the advancement of immunotherapy. At the moment, the most active frontiers are focused on better understanding the immunological landscape of liver cancer, screening the population that can benefit from immunotherapy, and the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly in combination with other therapeutic options (such as local therapy and targeted therapy).

Biomass is one significant biophysical parameter of a forest ecosystem, and accurate biomass estimation on the regional scale provides important information for carbon-cycle investigation and sustainable forest management. In this study, Landsat satellite imagery data combined with field-based measurements were integrated through comparisons of five regression approaches [stepwise linear regression, K-nearest neighbor, support vector regression, random forest (RF), and stochastic gradient boosting] with two different candidate variable strategies to implement the optimal spatial above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation. The results suggested that RF algorithm exhibited the best performance by 10-fold cross-validation with respect to R 2 (0.63) and root-mean-square error (26.44 ton∕ha). Consequently, the map of estimated AGB was generated with a mean value of 89.34 ton∕ha in northwestern Zhejiang Province, China, with a similar pattern to the distribution mode of local forest species. This research indicates that machine-learning approaches associated with Landsat imagery provide an economical way for biomass estimation. Moreover, ensemble methods using all candidate variables, especially for Landsat images, provide an alternative for regional biomass simulation.