No abstract

Nowadays, linear motions are almost indirectly realized by rotational motors, which cause several inherent weaknesses such as mechanical complication due to intermediate modules, low accuracy and performance because of accumulating errors of all elements in the systems. Using motors able to create directly linear movements is capable of removing the above limitations. This paper presents a control solution for Polysolenoid permanentstimulation linear motors according to the exact linearization that enable physical outputs to follow reference inputs. All of currents are mobilized to make the propulsion force of the linear motors even when there is lack of the model's parameters or under effects of disturbances. The platform of the above control solution depends on the model of objects and the extract linearization. Simulation results plotted by MATLAB-Simulink re-emphasize performance of the proposed control structure.

Communicated by S. G. GeorgievComplete orthogonal systems of monogenic polynomials over 3D prolate spheroids have recently experienced an upsurge of interest because of their many remarkable properties. These generalized polynomials and their applications to the theory of quasi-conformal mappings and approximation theory have played a major role in this development. In particular, the underlying functions of three real variables take on values in the reduced quaternions (identified with R 3 ) and are generally assumed to be null-solutions of the well-known Riesz system in R 3 . The present paper introduces and explores a new complete orthogonal system of monogenic functions as solutions to this system for the space exterior of a 3D prolate spheroid. This will be made in the linear spaces of square integrable functions over R. The representations of these functions are explicitly given. Some important properties of the system are briefly discussed, from which several recurrence formulae for fast computer implementations can be derived.

No abstract

The herbicide atrazine is known to impact negatively olfactory-mediated behaviors in aquatic animals. We have shown that atrazine exposure has deleterious effects on olfactory-mediated behavioral responses to food odors in crayfish; however, recovery of chemosensory abilities post-atrazine exposure has not been investigated. We examined whether crayfish (Orconectes virilis) recovered chemosensory abilities after a 96-h exposure to sublethal, environmentally relevant concentrations of 80 ppb (µg/L) atrazine. Following treatment, we analyzed the ability of the crayfish to locate a food source using a Y-maze with one arm containing fish-flavored gelatin and the other containing unflavored gelatin. We compared the time spent in the food arm of the Y-maze, near the food source, as well as moving and walking speed of control and atrazine-treated crayfish. We also compared the number of crayfish that handled the food source and the amount of food consumed. Following 24-, 48-, and 72-h recovery periods in fresh water, behavioral trials were repeated to determine if there was any observable recovery of chemosensory-mediated behaviors. Atrazine-treated crayfish spent less time in the food arm, at the odor source, and were less successful at finding the food odor source than control crayfish for all times tested. Additionally, atrazine-treated crayfish consumed less fish-flavored than control crayfish; however, treatment did not affect locomotion. Overall, we found that crayfish are not able to recover chemosensory abilities 72 h post-atrazine exposure. Because crayfish rely heavily on their chemosensory abilities to acquire food, the negative impacts of atrazine exposure could affect population size in areas where atrazine is heavily applied.

Nowadays, linear motions are almost indirectly realized by rotational motors which cause several inherent weaknesses. Using motors able to create directly linear movements is capable of removing the above limitations. This paper presents a control solution for Polysolenoid permanentstimulation linear motors according to flatness based structure. The system allows output parameters reach reference trajectories and all of currents are mobilized to make the propulsion force of the linear motors even when there is lack of model parameters or effects of disturbances. The fundamental of the mentioned control solution is the model of the object and the flatness based method. Simulation results generated by MATLAB-Simulink re-emphasize performance of the proposed control structure.

The present study was performed to reveal the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic position of Platynosomum fastosum Kossack, 1910. A total 167 specimens of P. fastosum were collected in 8 (4.9%) out of 163 sets of gall-bladders and bile ducts of cats. The number of worms was 1–105 per infected cat. This species was characterized by having a long and slender body, slightly larger ventral sucker than the oral sucker, indistinct prepharynx, small pharynx, short esophagus, bifurcation midway between 2 suckers, and ceca extending to the posterior end of the body. The length of the partial sequences of ITS1 and 5.8S rDNA of P. fastosum were 990 bp, GC-rich. AT/GC ratio was 0.9, there were 9 polymorphic sites, and intraspecific variations ranged from 0.1% to 0.9%. Phylogenetic analyses by neighbor-joining phylogram inferred from ITS1 rDNA sequences revealed that the genetic distance between P. fastosum specimens ranged from 0.3 to 1.5% while the smallest interspecific distance among dicrocoeliid species was 20.9 %. The redescription and genetic characters of P. fastosum are taxonomically important to recognize future different species of the genus Platynosomum showing high intraspecific and morphological variability.

No abstract