We designed multinary heterojunctions (Z-GBNR) composed of Z-GNR and Z-BNNR. All possible combinations and interface configurations of binary (Z-GBN[n,m]) and ternary (Z-BNGBN[ n , m , n ] and Z-GBNG[ m , n , m ′]) heterojunctions were studied to explore the structural effects of the heterojunctions on electron transport properties. Our results reveal that Z-GBNR show characteristic bias-dependent multichannel transport behaviors due to the distinctive response of each electron transport channel. Specifically, the electron transport channels generated on Z-GNR and Z-BNNR exhibited alternating and sequential on/off, which strongly depended on the combinations and interface configurations of the heterojunctions and were related to the edge symmetry of Z-GNR and the edge termination of Z-BNNR. We demonstrate that edge-symmetric Z-GNR and B-edged Z-BNNR play a crucial role in the implementation of negative differential resistance (NDR) and stepwise current behaviors in Esaki-like diodes and multivalue logic transistors. Therefore, we propose Z-BNC[4,4] and Z-BNCNB[4,4,4] composed of only B-edged Z-BNNR and symmetric Z-GNR as Esaki-like diodes with bias-dependent alternating on/off behavior for each electron transport channel on Z-BNNR and Z-GNR. We show that Z-CBNC[8,4,6] has cumulatively increased the current in a stepwise manner due to the sequential contribution of each electron transport channel. We believe that our results will provide insights into the design and implementation of various electronic logic functions with multinary heterojunctions of Z-GNR and Z-BNNR based on an understanding of the structure–characteristic relationships for applications in the field of nanoelectronics.
Introduction: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion has proven effectiveness in treating spondylolisthesis, but there were few reports applying the technique from scarce resourcing developing countries. In this study, the authors report the results and share our experience of minimally invasive spinal transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in spondylolisthesis treatment in Vietnamese patients. Materials and methods: In this study, the authors enroled 92 patients diagnosed with single-level, grade I or grade II lumbar spondylolisthesis from January 2019 to October 2022. Results: The median age in our study was 47.79±12.61 (range 15–75), the male/female ratio was 1/2.3. The mean disease duration was 28.57 months. Conventional X-ray images showed that there were 74 patients (80.43%) with spondylolisthesis grade I, 18 patients (19.57%) with grade II. Spondylolisthesis occured mainly in L4–L5 with 53 patients (57.61%). The isthmic sign was recorded in 16 patients (31.4%). The mean blood loss was 149.46 ml. Patients walked on average of 3.22 days after surgery. VAS score reduced significantly in both back and leg. Spinal function improved significantly with a preoperative Owestry Disability Index of 48.18% decrease to 15.18% 12 months after surgery. The surgical results were good and excellent at 95.00% after 12 months of surgery according to Macnab scale. The fusion rate reached 97.50%. Conclusions: The results of this Macnab's classification study show that minimally invasive spinal transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is an effective treatment for spondylolisthesis with less pain, less blood loss after surgery, and high fusion rate.
Objective: To assess of surgical results of acoustic neuroma by the retrosigmoid suboccipial approach with drilling the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal. Patients and methods: A prospective study with 26 patients who were diagnosed with acoustic neuroma and surgically treated by drilling the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal via retrosigmoid suboccipital approach at Viet-Duc Hospital from January 2019 to October 2020. Results: Mean age: 42.74±14.95; male: female ratio was 1; tinnitus was the most common symptom (76.92%), after that hearing loss (69.23%). There was no predominant in the side of the tumor. There was a significant difference between KOOS classification’s tumor before and after surgery, as well as the facial nerve function 3-month post-operation versus discharge time. Conclusion: The retrosigmoid suboccipital approach with drilling the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal was useful for treating acoustic neuroma both the tumor removing capacity and facial nerve preservation.
Background: Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TPELD) recently confirms its superiority compared to typical open discectomy in the treatment of very high-grade migrated disk herniation. In Vietnam, this technique has been applied in recent years; however; lack of reports and evidence. Objectives: In this study, the authors would like to share their surgical experience and report the initial results in their center, after successfully performing TPELD for very high-grade migrated disk herniation in 40 patients. Patients and methods: Forty patients, who underwent TPELD to remove the nucleus of very high-grade migrated disk herniation, were enrolled in this study. The study was carried out from April 2019 to April 2021. Preoperative and postoperative MRI were compared to demonstrate the removed disk. Postoperative visual analog score, oswestry disability index, and modified Macnab criteria were obtained after 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year and were compared. Results: There were no major complications related directly to this technique. Seven patients were operated at L3-4, 28 patients at L4-5, and 5 patients at l5-S1. Mean visual analog score for leg pain improved from 7.36±0.64 preoperatively to 1.22±1.16 at 6 months postoperatively and 1.34±1.47 at 1 year postoperatively (P<0.01). The mean preoperative oswestry disability index improved from 67.1±8.79 preoperatively to 12.1±13.48 at 1 year postoperatively (P<0.01). Excellent or good global outcomes were obtained in 95%. Conclusions: TPELD is a minimally invasive treatment with effective and safe results of very high-grade migrated disk herniation. Improvement of several pain scores can be observed in the 12-month follow-up after surgery.
Objectives: To assess the role of anatomy in the anterior clinoidectomy. Patients and methods: Retrospective study with ten patients who were surgically treated with the anterior clinoidectomy for the paraclinoid lesions at Viet-Duc Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020. Results: Mean age: 42.58 ± 12.49; sixty percents male and forty percents female. There was only one case that had pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process. On diagnosis, there were four cases with internal carotid aneurysms and six cases of paraclinoid meningioma. The extradural anterior clinoidectomy were in seven cases while the intradural way was in three cases. There was only one case of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a complication. Conclusion: The anterior cliniodectomy was still challenging in neurosurgery. Understanding the anatomy of the anterior clinoid process was mandatory.
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