High heeled shoes may alter the regular loading pattern of the plantar pressure, especially increased in the forefoot area. Walking with narrow base of high heeled shoes may induce the brisk acceleration of the supported leg due to instability that increases the force on the plantar area. Particularly, this phenomenon may be amplified while slow running, but never been investigated. Materials and Methods: Plantar pressures were measured for different specific area of foot using the Pedar-X system. The effects on plantar pressure with different sized bases (1.2× 1.2 cm2 and 2.2 × 3.5 cm2) of high-heeled shoe (7.8 cm in height) were examined while walking in thirteen healthy female subjects and during slow running in nine healthy female subjects. Results: The plantar pressures of the hallux and toe while wearing narrow base high heel were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those when walking with wearing wide base one. For both narrow and wide base heels, significantly increased (p < 0.05) plantar pressure were found in the medial forefoot while slow running at 2.0 m/s as compared with walking at 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s. While slow running with wearing narrow base high heel indicated significantly (p < 0.05) increased plantar pressures in the medial, central and lateral forefoot and toes regions compared with those with wearing wide base one. Conclusion: The findings suggest that if individuals have to wear high heeled shoes, it would be better to select one with a wide based heel to avoid running in at any circumstance.
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma commonly associated with B-cell dysregulation. Correlations involving B-cell dysregulation and clinicopathological features remain unclear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We prospectively collected blood samples from 11 AITL patients and 17 healthy controls. The percentages of B-cell subpopulations and lymphocytes with IL-21 production were assessed using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood lymphocyte morphology was evaluated microscopically. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Six of 11 (54.5%) patients presented with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Three of 11 (27.3%) tumor biopsies showed monoclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. The patients exhibited significantly lower levels of naive (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and class-switched (<i>p</i> < 0.001) B cells than controls. The percentages of IgD−CD27− B cells (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were increased. Blood smears revealed atypical lymphocytes and immature plasma cells with morphological diversity. In comparison to normal controls, IL-21 production significantly increased in CD4+ (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and CD8+ (<i>p</i> = 0.020) T cells. B-cell clonality, <i>RHOA</i> G17V mutation, and the presence of sheets of clear cells and immature/mature plasma cells in lymph nodes were significantly associated with percentages of class-switched B cells and ASCs. The patients with circulating EBV DNA had a lower percentage of naive B cells (<i>p</i> = 0.009). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results demonstrated a wide spectrum of peripheral B-cell morphologies and immunophenotypes of peripheral B cells in AITL. These findings correspond to dysregulated B-cell immunity and heterogeneous clinicopathological features.
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