Objective To investigate the relationship between unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) and polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism-related genes in women. Materials and Methods A case–control study included 90 women with two or more consecutive unexplained pregnancy losses and 92 controlled women without miscarriage history; the female participants were in the age category of 18–35 years. The high-resolution melting technique was used to detect the single-nucleotide variants related to homocysteine metabolism disorder, namely MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphism. Results The MTHFR C677T polymorphism had significantly correlation with URPL. Indeed, the frequency of the677T allele and genotypes (677CT, 677TT) in the URPL group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the allele, as well as genotype distribution of MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). MTHFR 677CT-1298AC genotype combination led to a 9.0-fold increased risk of URPL (OR 9.0; 95% CI, 2.25–35.99; p = 0.001), while the risk increased 10.0-fold (OR 10.0; 95% CI, 1.8–55.53; p = 0.008) when participants had more than the 3 variant loci. Conclusion The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was a risk factor for URPL, and determining the MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a potential prediction of URPL risk. Moreover, the MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C joint mutants might have a synergistic effect on URPL. Conversely, there is a lack of evidence suggesting the URPL risk of MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms.

Objective To evaluate the surgery outcomes of fetoscopic laser ablation (FLA) for selective umbilical cord in treating twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with special conditions and neonatal outcomes post-operation. Methods A prospective study, 21 monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins diagnosed with TTTS stage II–IV according to Quintero classification from 16 to 26 weeks of gestation, among that, 12 cases of TTTS stage II with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), 6 cases of TTTS stage II with proximate cord insertions, 3 cases of TTTS stage IV underwent fetoscopic laser ablation for the selective fetal reduction at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from September 2019 to July 2021. Complications and surgical outcomes were noted. Prenatal care was carried out every 2 weeks post operation until birth. Newborn neurologic complications were assessed at birth, three months, and six months after birth using Denver II test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results The mean gestational age at operation was 20.30 weeks. The average operation duration was 39.52 minutes. No complications of operation, such as bleeding or infection, were recorded. The mean gestational age at birth was 34.70 ± 4.33 weeks, with a mean duration of 12.97 ± 6.87 weeks between intervention and delivery. The survival rate of newborns after the operation was 90.48%. There were two stillbirths (9.52%) within seven days after the operation. No short-term neurological complications have been reported with follow-up of the newborn to 6 months after birth. Conclusion Our study showed that fetoscopic laser ablation of selected fetal reduction surgery for treatment of special conditions of TTTS had no complications of operation, high neonatal survival result (90.48%), no short-term neurological complications. This should be considered for TTTS in cases of indication.

This study aims to survey the reality of creative development of 5 to 6 year old children through the organization of STEAM activities in preschool. Using a mixed research method, in which the focus is on the use of questionnaires combined with observation of activities organized by teachers. The survey results of 75 preschool teachers and administrators (N=75) and the survey on the creative expression of 25 children (5 to 6 year olds) showed that teachers have some limitations in the organization of STEAM activities to stimulate children's creativity, and at the same time, the study also points out the difficulties for Thanh Hoa preschools in organizing STEAM activities to promote children's creative development. This research result is a necessary foundation for educators to propose solutions to develop the creativity of 5 to 6- year-old children through organizing STEAM activities in preschool.

The purpose of this study addresses to survey the perception of preschool teachers about organizing STEAM activities to support communication skills for children aged 5-6 with mild intellectual disabilities in preschools. Using the main research method is the survey by questionnaire, observation and in-depth interviews with preschool teachers. Conduct a survey of 86 preschool teachers and 6 children 5-6-year-old children with mild intellectual disabilities in Thanh Hoa province. Research results show that the capacity of teachers to organize STEAM education of teachers and the Approach to STEAM education in inclusive classrooms have the greatest influence on the organization of STEAM activities to support communication skills for children with intellectual disabilities. Research results show that Kindergarten teachers' ability to organize steam activities and Approach to STEAM education in inclusive classrooms has the greatest influence on the organization of STEAM activities to support communication skills for children with intellectual disabilities. In addition, most preschool teachers show interest in solutions to help children 5-6 years old with mild intellectual disabilities develop communication skills in an inclusive classroom. The survey results on communication skills of 5-6-year-old children also show defects in non-verbal communication, and verbal communication of 5-6-year-old children with mild intellectual disabilities. This result is the foundation for proposing solutions to organize STEAM activities in an inclusive educational environment to support communication skills for children with 5-6 mild intellectual disabilities in kindergarten.