No abstract

Ablation of indium oxide doped with tin oxide (ITO) from glass substrates is described. Laser pulse energy and focus spot size were varied in single-pulse, single-spot ablation tests and for ablation of linear features with scanned multiple pulses. The single-pulse ablation threshold of ITO was smaller than that of the glass substrate so the entire thickness of ITO could be removed in a single pulse or with overlying multiple pulses without the possibility of substrate ablation. Linear features could be created at much higher scanning speeds using a high repetition frequency (100 kHz) Yb fiber amplified laser as compared to a lower repetition frequency (2 kHz) laser. An analysis showed that incubation effects lowered ITO ablation thresholds when pulse frequency was high relative to scanning speed, contributing to large feasible scanning speeds for high pulse frequency lasers.

No abstract

This paper presents a control algorithm for the motorized active suspension damper. The control algorithm consists of supervisory, upper-level and lower-level controllers. The supervisory controller determines the control modes, such as the passive mode, the roll mode and the body acceleration mode. The upper-level controller computes the damping force using linear quadratic control theory. The actuator input is determined by the lower-level controller. Three state estimators, namely the vehicle body’s velocity estimator, the suspension state estimator and the friction estimator, are proposed to estimate the sprung-mass and unsprung-mass velocities, the tyre deflection, the roll angle, the roll rate and the friction. The performance of the proposed control algorithm was evaluated via simulations and vehicle tests. It was shown from both simulations and vehicle tests that the proposed control algorithm can improve the ride quality using a motorized active suspension damper.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Recently, dual-motor driving steer-by-wire (SbW) systems have been introduced and have received considerable attention because they can overcome the limitations of single motor driving SbW systems, which cannot provide large torques required by commercial vehicles and are vulnerable to faults. The two main issues on the performance of the dual-motor driving SbW systems is to ensure steering robustness against model uncertainties, external disturbances, and road condition changes and to synchronize the steering angle. In this paper, a sliding mode controller (SMC) with a disturbance observer (DOB) under master-slave control is proposed to tackle these issues. The combination of an SMC and a DOB is employed to guarantee strong robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbances. In addition, masterslave control is applied to enhance the synchronization performance of dual motor driving SbW systems with significantly different dynamic and response characteristics. Comparative experimental studies are conducted to verify the excellent performance of the proposed control scheme for dual-motor driving SbW systems.