Recent experimental studies have revealed that traumatic brain injury as well as ischemic brain injury can cause chronic progressive neuronal damage. In the present study, we demonstrate previously unreported delayed cerebral atrophy on computerized tomography (CT) scans in severely head-injured patients. Seventeen severely head-injured patients who required mild hypothermia to control intracranial hypertension after the failure of conventional therapies were retrospectively analyzed. All 17 patients survived more than 1 year. Delayed neuronal loss (DNL) was observed in only eight of the 17 patients. Eight patients with DNL required longer durations of mild hypothermia to control intracranial hypertension than nine patients without DNL. Six of these eight patients with DNL achieved functional recovery despite progressive atrophic changes demonstrated on CT scans. On CT scans, DNL was characterized by (1) the sudden appearance at several months postinjury of a low-density area in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injury; (2) the preservation of essential cortical structure although related white matter structures showed severe atrophic changes; and (3) no spread of the low-density area to the contiguous territory of the other main cerebral artery. It is concluded that focal primary injury to underlying brain, if severe enough, can result in delayed hemispheric atrophy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.