Writing ability is a prerequisite to be successful in academic pursuits. Pakistani student writers experience a range of issues, including psychological, cognitive, social, and linguistic when they write. Writing instructors need to use appropriate teaching strategies and methodologies to tackle writing-related issues (Khan & Zaki, 2018). Most of the Pakistani ESL writing students are educated through the stereotypical teacher-centered Product Approach focuses on the memorization of ready-made answers. As a result, the learners face great challenges; ESL writing Anxiety is one of the major challenges (Gopang, Bughio, & Pathan, 2018). The aim of this quasi-experimental study based on predominantly the post-positivist and the marginally pragmatic philosophical framework is to explore the effects of the Process-Genre Approach (PGA) on writing anxiety among ESL intermediate/pre-university students in Pakistan. The research tools were included to collect data: Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI), 22-item multidimensional questionnaire, and interviews to investigate the effects of the experiment on writing apprehensions. Data were collected before and after the designed academic writing module based on the Process-Genre approach and pair sample t-test was applied to yield statistically significant results showing that average writing anxiety score was reduced from 77.17 to 66.72 among control group and from 73.57 to 50.25 among the experimental group. Quantities data collected through interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis also supplement that the treatment was effective to reduce writing anxiety.
The research paper has critically evaluated the draft document of ESL Single National Curriculum (SNC) to interpret the purpose of SNC for its successful implementation across the country. The study is qualitative in nature as content analysis method is used to explore the innovative aspects of SNC. It is evidently discussed that curriculum's fundamental justification is to infuse ethical, social and universal values in Pakistani learners with themes and subthemes such as, peace and social cohesion, ideology, religious tolerance, respect, equity and conflict resolution. It is surmised that ESL Single National Curriculum has planned to make use of technology to develop ESL literacy and competency in students. It is implied that the performance of ESL teachers will be evaluated using different evaluation models, such as, Guskey Model of Teacher Evaluation. The study recommends that outcomes of needs and situational analysis would be beneficial for successful implementation of SNC in Pakistani schools. The everyday activities and materials can be synthesized with SNC to improve creativity, reflection and autonomy in ESL learners and teachers.
The purpose of the study is to explore the perceptions of a public sector university faculty about the role of teacher education to endorse the culture of collaborative research projects between researchers and practitioners to create small communities. The findings show that policymakers, researchers and practitioners should have shared concerns about the context to create a dialogue about the existing educational problems in Pakistan. The problem solving and inquiry-driven mechanism should be developed to identify key problems of an education system. The need is to develop the standards that should provide the parameters for curricula, assessment and teacher education to achieve the global objectives. However, these standards would emerge through interactive and collective discourse.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.