The mechanism connecting the antecedents to positive attitudes like affective commitment (AC) and positive behaviors like organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is an under-researched area in the field of positive organizational scholarship. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory (SET), this study empirically validates family motivation and civility as antecedents of affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior through the mediating mechanism of self-efficacy. The process by Hayes (2013) was used to analyze time-lagged and multi-source data collected from 335 employees of educational and telecom sector. Results indicate that the relationship of affective commitment with family motivation and civility is partially mediated whereas the relationship of organizational citizenship behavior with family motivation and civility is fully mediated by self-efficacy. This study adds to the literature of family-work enrichment accounts by validating family motivation as a novel antecedent for positive behavioral outcomes. The implications of the study are discussed.
Purpose – Both the researchers and practitioners believe that engaged, energetic and focused employees provide sustainable competitive advantage to the organization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore whether the calling of the employees is related to work engagement and to observe if flourishing at work exerts a mediating role in this proposed relationship. Research Methodology – The time-lag method was followed to collect data from a sample of 101 employees working in different organizations from service industry. Findings – Results showed that calling is a critical psychological driver of work engagement explaining about 30% variance and it is valuable in shaping the employees orientation. Limitations – The data collection for the study was restricted to one major city so care must be taken in generalizing the results. Moreover, the use of cross sectional data may not completely capture the true nature of the psychological constructs like calling, flourishing and engagement. Implications – This study helps human resources managers to hire individuals who feel “called” to the job and devise training programs that shape their work orientation in order to engage and retain them. Originality – The current study considered work engagement as a psychological state and empirically tested psychological drivers- calling as the work orientation and flourishing. The proposed relationships, to the best of our knowledge, were not empirically tested previously.
Family motivation as a mediating mechanism is a novel and under-researched area in the field of positive organizational scholarship. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory (SET), this study empirically validates family motivation as a mediator between family support and work engagement. The process by Hayes (2013) was used to analyze time-lagged data collected from 356 employees of the education sector. Results confirm the mediating role of family motivation in the relationship between family support and work engagement and the moderating role of calling in the relationship between family support and family motivation. This study adds to the literature of family-work enrichment accounts by validating family support as a novel antecedent for family motivation and positive attitudes. The implications of the study are discussed.
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of e-marketing adoption strategy on export performance of SMEs in Pakistan. The mediating effect of marketing activities on the relationship between e-marketing adoption and export performance is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected from 169 SMEs from four sectors, namely textile, leather, medical and surgical goods and services. The five constructs namely e-marketing budget, e-marketing tools, pre sales activities, after sales activities and export performance linked through eight hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling in AMOS version 5. Findings - This study finds the positive impact of allocation of e-marketing resources for marketing activities and confirms that mere adoption of e-marketing tools is not sufficient for improving marketing activities. Similarly, SMEs export performance is positively influenced by allocation of e-marketing budget, adoption of e-marketing tools and after sales activities, but pre sales activities does not produce significant effects on export performance of SMEs. Research limitations/implications-- The data collected for this study was cross sectional in nature, whereas longitudinal approach is more suitable for such a study. Moreover, the data was collected from four sectors from Pakistan (a developing country), therefore, care should be taken while generalizing the results of the study. Practical implications – The study points out that SME sector needs to be facilitated by providing IT infrastructure, training employees and resources for utilizing e-marketing at its full potential. Key Words: E-Marketing, Adoption Strategy, Export Performance, SMEs
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