Objectives The main aim of this study was to determine the undergraduate dental students’ self-reported effectiveness of online classes offered by various dental institutes of Pakistan.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. A pretested and validated questionnaire comprising of 31 questions was circulated among dental students. The study participants were inquired about the perceived level of accessibility of resources and the effectiveness of online teaching. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analysis at p ≤0.05.
Results A total of 1,207 students from all over Pakistan responded. The majority of students was dissatisfied with the institutional learning management system and quality of learning resources available. Students were also dissatisfied with the level of training of teachers for online lectures. The worst rating was reported for questions related to the effectiveness of online classes (average rating: 3.83 and 3.781/5). First-year students reported poor interaction with teachers (p < 0.001) and strongly disagreed with the effectiveness of online classes (mean rating: 4.14 ± 0.935).
Conclusions The results from the present survey showed that dental students of Pakistan unanimously voiced dissatisfaction toward various elements of online teaching sessions. Findings from this survey will aid the academic institutes to establish proficient learning platforms focused on improving students` learning experience.
The aspect of emotional intelligence towards psychological capital is still not perfectly and adequately certified and is awaited for further analysis and investigation. Similarly, the growing interest on psychological capital within the managerial literature is rarely researched in Pakistan context. The current study aims to examine the mediating effect of emotional intelligence in the relationship between psychological capital and project success. Main focus is on how employees of construction organizations use their psychological strengths to accomplish their professional objectives. Sample of 213 respondents from 45 construction companies was collected from all over the Pakistan. The findings of the research revealed that psychological capital has significant relationship with emotional intelligence and emotional intelligence has also positive relationship with project success. Emotional intelligence mediated the relationship between three dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, resilience and optimism) and project success whereas no mediation found between hope and project success. The results also indicated that three dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, optimism and resilience) have positive significant relationship with project success and significant mediating effect of emotional intelligence.
Purpose
Leadership has a decisive role in the success of all types of businesses and firms, including small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the ethical behavior of leaders is a key component which brings a sense of respect, fulfillment, trustworthiness and acceptance among the employees, which later become visible in their job performance (JP). This study aims to check the immediate effect of ethical leadership (EL) on employee’s JP (EJP) and also explore the indirect mediating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on this EL and EJP nexus.
Design/methodology/approach
Primary data was obtained from the employees of manufacturing SMEs of Northern Italy using a cross-sectional design from the end of 2019 to the start of 2020. This paper circulated 450 self-administered questionnaires using simple random sampling, and 202 (44.88%) valid questionnaires were returned. The PROCESS macro was performed using statistical package for social sciences to ensure whether or not EL affects EJP and is there any mediation effect of CSR present in this nexus.
Findings
The results indicate that EL has a strong positive connection with EJP and CSR. Interestingly, CSR positively influences EJP. Furthermore, the results also report the strong mediating effect of CSR in the nexus of EL and EJP.
Originality/value
This scholarly work seeks to contribute not only to the literature of EL and EJP but also enriches the understanding of this EL-EJP association by highlighting the indirect effect of mediating variable CSR in the SME sector.
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