Asian Countries mostly lying in Subcontinent region are the main producers of Sugar canes. On the other hand, these are the developing countries which mostly face potential energy crisis which ultimately gives rise to sustainable electricity demand challenges. This challenge can be mitigated through the conventional way of bagasse-based cogeneration of power. Therefore, sugar industries can contribute in fulfilling at least their own requirement of plant electricity. But this method in turn produces carbon dioxide (CO2) to the environment which is a major source of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions globally. So, it is the most significant contributor to the global warming, which plays diverse impact on social, environmental, and economic costs. So far, the increasing concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere are a notable issue. Biochar is one of the products of flash pyrolysis which reduces the GHG emissions and enhancement of soil fertility. This paper proposes flash pyrolysis as a sustainable way of meeting electricity demand with additional benefits over conventional way of burning bagasse in cogeneration, giving the environmental and economic benefits of pyrolysis. Bagasse gasification by flash pyrolysis in the sugar mills could be an alternative option for electricity generation with CO2 negative impact.
In an Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN), extreme energy loss is carried out by the early expiration of sensor nodes and causes a reduction in efficiency in the submerged acoustic sensor system. Systems based on clustering strategies, instead of each node sending information by itself, utilize cluster heads to collect information inside the clusters for forwarding collective information to sink. This can effectively minimize the total energy loss during transmission. The environment of UWSN is 3D architecture-based and follows a complex hierarchical clustering strategy involving its most effecting unique parameters such as propagation delay and limited transmission bandwidth. Round base clustering strategy works in rounds, where each round comprises three fundamental stages: cluster head selection, grouping or node association, and data aggregation followed by forwarding data to the sink. In UWSN, the energy consumed during the formation of clusters has been considered casually or completely evaded in the previous works. In this paper, the cluster head setup period has been considered the main contributor to extra energy utilizer. A numerical channel model is proposed to compute extra energy. It is performed by using a UWSN broad model. The results have shown that extra maximum energy consumption is approximately 12.9 percent of the system total energy consumed in information transmissions.
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