In the agricultural production process, the production and environmental costs of chemical fertilizers used to increase yield and quality and the question of how to evaluate the herbal and animal wastes that arise in the agricultural production process are important issues. The main purpose of using herbal and animal wastes that arise in the agricultural production process as an alternative fertilizer to chemical fertilizers is to reduce production costs and to ensure sustainability in agricultural production by reintroducing these wastes to the economy. In this study, the effects of vermicompost, chicken manure, farm manure, and chemical fertilizers on product yield and quality, plant nutrients, and economic profitability in strawberry cultivation were investigated. In the study, strawberries were used as the plant material and vermicompost, chicken manure, farm (cattle) manure, and chemical fertilizers were used as plant nutrition materials. In the study, statistically significant differences were found in the parameters of yield, quality, plant nutrient content in leaves, and economic profitability compared to chemical fertilizers. In terms of product yield and some quality parameters, organic fertilizers (worm manure and chicken manure in yield, total sugar and nitrate accumulation in fruit, chicken manure in vitamin C) gave better positive results than chemical fertilizers. In the macronutrient content of the leaves, chicken manure in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus; vermicompost, chicken manure, and farm manure in terms of potassium; and vermicompost and chicken manure in terms of calcium all gave better results than chemical fertilizers. In the micronutrient content of the leaves, chicken manure in terms of iron, vermicompost in terms of zinc, and chicken manure and farm manure in terms of copper gave better results than chemical fertilizers. In terms of economic profitability, while more profit was obtained from vermicompost, chicken manure and farm manure applications compared to chemical fertilizer applications, the highest profitability was obtained from vermicompost application. The findings of this study support the idea that vermicompost, chicken manure, and farm manure can be recommended as an alternative plant nutrition input to chemical fertilizers in strawberry cultivation.

Agriculture is one of our most basic activities that are done depending on nature with scarce resources and directly affects our life and nature. This activity, which we have met our needs from past to present, is under threat due to climate change and will not be able to produce the expected benefits in the future if measures are not taken immediately. In this study, the negative effects of climate change on agriculture are discussed under the sub-heading fruit production and bees that have an active role in fruit production. In this study, secondary data sources related to the subject (academic publications, explanations by authorized institutions and organizations, and future projections created by them) were used. The findings obtained in the study reached that if the necessary steps regarding climate change are not taken immediately, the presence of bees will decrease. As a result, fruit production will be negatively affected because pollination, which is the main factor in fruit production. Contribution/ OriginalityClimate change will adversely affect agriculture, especially in terms of fruit production and bees. The study draws attention to agriculture and the importance of fruit growing as an agricultural production activity and the possible negative effects of climate change on them, emphasizing the importance of bees performing the pollination (in terms of biodiversity conservation), which is the main process of fruit production, and shedding light on subsequent studies.

This study investigated the profitability of open field crop rotation and greenhouse green fertilization along with farmland manure applications implemented to ensure sustainability of soil fertility in strawberry cultivation performed in line with the organic farming principles. In the open field experiment (1) Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.), (2) Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), (3) Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were used as the crop rotation plants. In the greenhouse experiment 1) Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.), (2) Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.),) were used as green fertilizations. Also this study investigated the impact of certified organic farmland manure as [(1) farmland manured and (2) farmland manure-free] on the parcels. The study compared the profitability in organic strawberry cultivation between crop rotation application in open field and green manure incorporation under soil by conducting a financial analysis. To conclude, result of the financial analysis indicated that both in greenhouse and open field, the application which combined Cowpea and farmland manure was found to be more economical. Contribution/ OriginalityThis article ''As opposed the general belief in society the study proves that organic farming costs are lower than conventional farming costs and so there will be no reduction in the income of the manufacturer, consumers will be able to reach healthy products at low cost.'' contributes to the field of organic agriculture.

Tarımsal üretimde ürün verimi ve kalitesi bitki besleme ile yakından ilgilidir. Bitki beslemede kullanılan en önemli girdi ise gübrelerdir. Günümüz modern tarımında vazgeçilmez olarak kullanılan kimyasal gübreler, hem maliyetli olması hem de çevreye ve insanlara zararlı olması nedeniyle bu girdilere daha ekonomik ve etkili çözüm arayışları önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada çilek yetiştiriciliğinde farklı organomineral ve kimyasal gübre uygulamalarının verim, kalite ve bitki besin alımı üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bitki materyali olarak Sweet Charlie çilek çeşidi, organomineral gübre olarak Agronatura, Agrosülfür, 5x15, ve 30.0.0 ve kimyasal gübre olarak Agrohum, Azurite ve 4x10 gübre materyalleri olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerin ortalama değerleri istatistiksel olarak olarak p<0.005 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildi. Araştırmada; bitki başına verim, ortalama meyve ağırlığı, suda çözünür kuru madde içeriği, meyve asitliği gibi kalite parametreleri, mikro (demir, çinko, manganez ve bakır) ve makro (azot, fosfor, potasyum ve kalsiyum) besin elementleri içerikleri incelenmiştir Bulgularımıza göre organomineral gübre uygulamalarının verim ve ortalama meyve ağırlığı kriterleri açısından en iyi sonucu vermiştir

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In terms of sustainable economic activities, environmental and production costs of plant nutrition material in agricultural production and wastes that harm the environment, humans and living beings are two important problems. This study, which combines these two problems into a common denominator, aimed to obtain plant nutrition input with low environmental and production costs by using the wastes generated during the domestic consumption process in strawberry cultivation. Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) for plant nutrition input and an Albion strawberry variety as a trial plant were used as research materials. In the study, where the random block trial design method was used, the effects of MSWC on plant growth, fruit quality characteristics and plant nutrient parameters were investigated. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the examined parameters (number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit taste, macro and micronutrient content in plant leaves) were positively affected according to the rate of use of MSWC. In the parameters evaluated within the scope of the study, 4 tons of MSWC applications in fruit weight, stem number, root length, plant width, leaf area, K and Ca parameters; 1.2 tons of MSWC applications in the number of fruits per plant and TA parameters; all MSWC applications in fruit yield per plant, pH, plant height, N, Mn and Cu parameters; 2 tons of MSWC applications in the TSS parameter and 1, 2 and 4 tons of MSWC applications in P and number of leaves per plant parameters gave better results compared to the control. Research findings support the idea that the use of MSWC as a plant nutrition input will provide both the production of plant nutrition input with low environmental and production costs and the prevention of the harms of waste to the environment, humans and living creatures.