Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures, wherein electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most common technologies used to diagnose, monitor, and manage patients with epilepsy. A large number of EEGs have been recorded in clinical applications, which leads to visual inspection of huge volumes of EEG not routinely possible. Hence, automated detection of epileptic seizure has become a goal of many researchers for a long time. A novel method is therefore proposed to construct a patient-specific detector based on spatial-temporal complexity analysis, involving two commonly used entropy-based complexity analysis methods, which are permutation entropy (PE) and sample entropy (SE). The performance of spatial-temporal complexity method is evaluated on a shared dataset. Results suggest that the proposed epilepsy detectors achieve promising performance: the average sensitivities of PE and SE in 23 patients are 99% and 96.6%, respectively. Moreover, both methods can accurately recognize almost all the seizure-free EEG. The proposed method not only obtains a high accuracy rate but also meets the real-time requirements for its application on seizure detection, which suggests that the proposed method has the potential of detecting epileptic seizures in real time.
Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering has been extensively studied due to its effectiveness and efficiency. Though demonstrating promising performance in various applications, it cannot effectively address the absent features among data, which is not uncommon in practical applications. In this article, different from existing approaches that first impute the absence and then perform GMM clustering tasks on the imputed data, we propose to integrate the imputation and GMM clustering into a unified learning procedure. Specifically, the missing data is filled by the result of GMM clustering, and the imputed data is then taken for GMM clustering. These two steps alternatively negotiate with each other to achieve optimum. By this way, the imputed data can best serve for GMM clustering. A two-step alternative algorithm with proved convergence is carefully designed to solve the resultant optimization problem. Extensive experiments have been conducted on eight UCI benchmark datasets, and the results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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