Single-atom sites (SASs) are commonly stabilized and influenced by neighboring atoms in the host; disclosing the structure-reactivity relationships of SASs in water electrolysis is one of the grand challenges originating from the tremendous wealth of support materials with complex structures. Through a multidisciplinary view of the design principles, synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical analysis of structure-performance correlations, this timely Review is dedicated to summarizing the most recent progress in tailoring bond microenvironments on different supports and discussing the reaction pathways and performance advantages of different SAS structures for water electrolysis. The essence and mechanisms of how SAS structures influence electrocatalysis and the critical requirements for future developments are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided to stimulate the practical, widespread utilization of SAS catalysts in water-splitting electrolyzers.
Single-atom sites (SASs) are commonly stabilized and influenced by neighboring atoms in the host; disclosing the structure-reactivity relationships of SASs in water electrolysis is one of the grand challenges originating from the tremendous wealth of support materials with complex structures. Through a multidisciplinary view of the design principles, synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical analysis of structure-performance correlations, this timely Review is dedicated to summarizing the most recent progress in tailoring bond microenvironments on different supports and discussing the reaction pathways and performance advantages of different SAS structures for water electrolysis. The essence and mechanisms of how SAS structures influence electrocatalysis and the critical requirements for future developments are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided to stimulate the practical, widespread utilization of SAS catalysts in water-splitting electrolyzers.
In comparison with the poor stability, high cost, and
difficult
preparation of conventional natural enzymes, nanozymes have the obvious
advantages of excellent stability, high catalytic activity, multifunctionality,
and large-scale preparation. Herein, a series of Fe3O4 NPs-based magnetic composite with dual enzyme-like activities
(peroxidase and oxidase) were successfully synthesized by the microwave-assisted
method. Among them, the Fe3O4/Ag Au nanocomposite
showed the highest peroxidase-like activity due to the synergistic
catalytic effect of Ag and Au bimetallic modifications. Enzyme kinetic
studies revealed good kinetic parameters of the Fe3O4/Ag Au nanocomposite for peroxidase, and it also exhibited
a higher affinity for TMB compared to natural horseradish peroxidase.
In addition, a method for effective dye degradation and selective
detection of glutathione was constructed based on its peroxidase-like
activity. Importantly, the remarkable magnetic separation property
and the outstanding stability proved the extensive application prospects
of the nanozymes in the remediation of water pollution and some biomarker-specific
detection.
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