15The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME) was the first of the "Big Five" 16 Phanerozoic extinction events and comprised two extinction pulses. Proposed kill 17 mechanisms include glacially-induced global cooling and the expansion of water column 18 anoxia and/or euxinia (sulfidic conditions), but no general consensus has been reached 19 with regard to the precise role of these mechanisms. A more definitive understanding is 20 hampered by poorly constrained temporal links between the extinction pulses and climate 21 change, and by uncertainty over the spatial distribution and intensity of euxinia. Here, we 22
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