T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) are highly aggressive malignant tumors. With the current intensive treatment regimens, event-free survival (EFS) rates of up to 60-90% can be achieved, but the survival rate of relapsed patients remains poor-only approximately 3-12%. Therefore, precise and effective prognostic parameters are highly needed to further improve survival rates along with reduced acute and long-term toxicities, including the rate of secondary malignancies. In addition, gene mutations can be used as therapeutic targets. This review highlights several gene mutations with a high frequency or a strong influence associated with favorable or unfavorable aspects of prognosis-
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