Multifunctional carboxylic acids, such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), have been used as durable press finishing agents to produce wrinkle-resistant cotton. In our previous research, we used BTCA as a nonformaldehyde bonding agent in the flame retardant finishing system based on a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) for cotton. In this research, we investigate the application of HFPO to the 65%/35% Nomex/cotton blend fabric using BTCA as a bonding agent and triethanolamine (TEA) as a co-reactant. We found that the addition of TEA in the flame retardant finishing system improves the hydrolysis resistance of the HFPO bound to the Nomex/ cotton blend and enhances the flame retardant performance of HFPO by means of phosphorus-nitrogen synergism. Moreover, TEA reduces the deposit of calcium salt on the treated fabric during laundering by esterifying the free carboxylic acid groups on cotton. The Nomex/cotton blend fabric treated with the HFPO/BTCA/TEA system shows high flame retardant performance at relatively low add-on levels. It is a completely nonformaldehyde flame retardant finishing system.
In this work, the hemocompatibility of polyampholyte copolymers from the mixed-charge copolymerization of negatively charged 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate (SA) and positively charged [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium (TMA) was studied. Charge-bias variation of the prepared poly(SA-co-TMA) copolymers can be controlled using the regulated SA and TMA monomer ratio via homogeneous free radical copolymerization. A systematic study of how charge-bias variations in poly(SA-co-TMA) copolymers affect the hemocompatibility in human blood plasma was reported. The hydrodynamic size of prepared polymers and copolymers is determined to illustrate the correlations between intermolecular cationic/anionic associations and the blood compatibility of polySA, poly(SA-co-TMA), and polyTMA suspensions in human blood plasma. It was found that the protein resistance and hydration capability of prepared copolymers can be effectively controlled by regulating the charge balance of the SA/TMA compositions in poly(SA-co-TMA). The results suggest that polyampholyte copolymers of poly(SA-co-TMA) with overall charge neutrality have a high hydration capability and the best antifouling, anticoagulant, and antihemolytic activities as well as zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based homopolymers when in contact with blood plasma at human body temperature.
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