Multicomponent linoleic acid isomerase provided important results for illustration unique mechanism for CLA production in Lact. plantarum ZS2058. Lactobacilli with CLA production ability offer novel opportunities for functional food development.
Background
Sheep genomes undergo numerous genes losses, gains and mutation that generates genome variability among breeds of the same species after long time natural and artificial selection. However, the microevolution of native sheep in northwest China remains elusive. Our aim was to compare the genomes and relevant reproductive traits of four sheep breeds from different climatic environments, to unveil the selection challenges that this species cope with, and the microevolutionary differences in sheep genomes. Here, we resequenced the genomes of 4 representative sheep breeds in northwest China, including Kazakh sheep and Duolang sheep of native breeds, and Hu sheep and Suffolk sheep of exotic breeds with different reproductive characteristics.
Results
We found that these four breeds had a similar expansion experience from ~ 10,000 to 1,000,000 years ago. In the past 10,000 years, the selection intensity of the four breeds was inconsistent, resulting in differences in reproductive traits. We explored the sheep variome and selection signatures by FST and θπ. The genomic regions containing genes associated with different reproductive traits that may be potential targets for breeding and selection were detected. Furthermore, non-synonymous mutations in a set of plausible candidate genes and significant differences in their allele frequency distributions across breeds with different reproductive characteristics were found. We identified PAK1, CYP19A1 and PER1 as a likely causal gene for seasonal reproduction in native sheep through qPCR, Western blot and ELISA analyses. Also, the haplotype frequencies of 3 tested gene regions related to reproduction were significantly different among four sheep breeds.
Conclusions
Our results provide insights into the microevolution of native sheep and valuable genomic information for identifying genes associated with important reproductive traits in sheep.
A linoleate isomerase complex including
myosin-cross-reactive antigen,
short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase, and acetoacetate decarboxylase
has been confirmed as the pivotal factor for conjugated linoleic acid
(CLA) production in Lactobacillus plantarum. However, its role in the metabolism and health-associated benefits
of Lactobacillus remain unclear. In
the current study, the mild type, knockout, and complemented mutants
of the linoleate isomerase complex of L. plantarum ZS2058 were used to investigate those putative effects. The metabonomic
results showed that a linoleate isomerase complex could significantly
influence the glycol-metabolism, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant
compounds. Especially, with the stress of linoleic acid, linoleate
isomerase complex knockout mutants induced the increase of several
antioxidant compounds, such as glutamic acid, glycine, l-cysteine,
glycerol, and l-sorbosone. Moreover, the linoleate isomerase
complex played a pivotal role in ameliorating DSS-induced colitis.
The knockout mutants showed effects similar to those in the DSS group,
whereas complementation of the corresponding gene in the knockout
mutants could restore the anti-inflammatory activity, wherein the
integrity of a mucus layer was repaired, the level of pro-inflammatory
cytokines decreased, and the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines
increased significantly. All the results indicated that the linoleate
isomerase complex plays a key role in CLA production and metabolism
as well as the health-associated benefits of L. plantarum ZS2058. These results are conducive to promote clinical trials and
product development of probiotics for colitis.
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