Simulation is a common approach for assisting system design and optimization. For system-wide optimization, energy and computational resources are often the two most critical issues. Monitoring the energy state of each hardware component and measuring the time spent in each state is needed for accurate energy and performance prediction. For software optimization, it is important to profile the energy and the time consumed by each software construct in a realistic operating environment with a proper workload. However, the conventional approaches of simulation often fail to produce satisfying data. First, building a cycle-accurate simulation environment for a complex system, such as an Android smartphone, is difficult and can take a long time. Second, a slow simulation can significantly alter the behavior of multithreaded, I/O-intensive applications and can affect the accuracy of profiles. Third, existing software-based profilers generally do not work on simulators, which makes it difficult for performance analysis of complicated software, for example, Java applications executed by the Dalvik VM in an Android system. To address these aforementioned problems, we proposed and prototyped a framework, called virtual performance analyzer (VPA). VPA takes advantage of an existing emulator or virtual machine monitor to reduce the complexity of building a simulator. VPA allows the user to selectively and incrementally integrate timing models and power models into the emulator with our carefully designed performance/power monitors, tracing facility, and profiling tools to evaluate and analyze the emulated system. The emulated system can perform at different levels of speed to help verify if the profile data are impacted by the emulation speed. Finally, VPA supports existing software-based profiles and enables non-intrusive tracing/profiling by minimizing the probe effect. Our experimental results show that the VPA framework allows users to quickly establish a performance/power evaluation environment and gather useful information to support system design and software optimization for Android smartphones.
Vietnamese stock market exists in one of the most dynamic emerging countries in East Asia. As expected, stock market has worked well to push up Vietnamese economy. Due to the information asymmetry, investors often rely on the dividend payment as an indicator to predict the company’s future prospects. Dividend payout policy is a significant concern of financial managers’ in shareholding firms and outside investors’ decision-making. The aim of dividend payout policy is to allocate retained earnings for reinvestment and dividends for shareholders. This research investigates the determinants of dividend payout policy in Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in Vietnam, an emerging stock market that was officially established in July, 2000. Additionally, this research evaluates whether the factors affect company’s dividend policy such as profitability, firm size, financial leverage and growth rate, etc. This research data is collected from enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market in the period of 2014-2018 with 756 observations, and analyzed by Ordinary Least Square model and Fixed Effect model and Random Effect model. Based on the Hausman Specification Test result, Fixed Effect model is the most consistent model of examining the factors affecting the dividend payout policy. JEL Classification: C22, E27, G15. Keywords: Dividend payout policy, Vietnamese stock market, Ordinary least square, Fixed effect model.
The case for global risk diversification has been built on correlations between the U.S. and international stock markets. Now that we witness how tightly the world stock markets are correlated, especially after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, does it still make sense to diversify globally? Can the investments in global equity portfolios be protected in todays volatile markets? These questions have preoccupied a growing number of portfolio managers in recent years, as well as many of us who invest in stock markets. Since gold/silver and bonds tend to move inversely with the stock markets, a hedging strategy of combining them with stock portfolios should protect the equity investments during global market downturns. The study explores the risk-return profiles of various global portfolios and provides insights about the extent to which the U.S. investors need to allocate their investments in Asia/Pacific, European stock markets, and across other investment vehicles, such as gold/silver and bonds. The findings from this research have practical implications for both investors and portfolio managers interested in going global.
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