We compare the vowel systems of Finnish, Mongolian (in China) and Udmurt, and illustrate the average placements of their monophthongal vowel types on F1/F2 plots. Mongolian has more vowel phonemes (12 long and 12 short ones) than Finnish (eight long and eight short) and Udmurt (seven). Some basic linguistic characteristics and key word lists of the three languages are presented. For comparison we utilise psychoacoustical F1/F2 formant charts which are fairly good approximations to the vowel space. The phoneme distances are indicated by means of circles of 1 Bark diameter centered on the mean F1/F2 points of the vowel types. This kind of representation allows one to draw conclusions about qualitative vicinity, partial overlapping or even merging of phoneme qualities on F1/F2 plots and about the necessity of further acoustic parameters for vowel differentiation. We also discuss some centralisation phenomena in the three languages.
The present study is the first systematic comparative work on consonants in Mongolic languages, the purpose of which is to establish a basis for the historical-comparative study of the development of consonants in the Mongolic languages. This comparative study is based on data from the following languages: Classical Written Mongolian, Modern Mongolian, Monguor, Moghol, Dagur, Shira Yugur, Buriad, Kalmuck, Dongxiang, Baoan and Chakhar sub-dialect.
Based on the “Unified Platform for Speech Acoustic Parameters of Chinese Minority Languages”, this paper calculates and compares the acoustic distribution of vowels in Mongolian, Uyghur, and Ewenki and proposes a hypothesis that the relevance between the similarity of the acoustic distribution patterns of vowels and language closeness does exist. It indicates that the acoustic pattern implies clues of closeness and relevance among the three languages. The results demonstrate that, in terms of vowels, Mongolian and Ewenki are closely related. Both those languages and the Uyghur language are distant relatives, with only typological similarity. This paper provides a new perspective for the research methodology of language kindred. It proves that the comparison of acoustic pattern is of significance in studies in linguistics, linguistic typology, historical comparative linguistics, and anthropology.
The present study is the first systematic comparative work on consonants in Mongolic languages, the purpose of which is to establish a basis for the historical-comparative study of the development of consonants in the Mongolic languages. This comparative study is based on data from the following languages: Classical Written Mongolian, Modern Mongolian, Monguor, Moghol, Dagur, Shira Yugur, Buriad, Kalmuck, Dongxiang, Baoan and Chakhar sub-dialect.
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