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The paper examines the psychometric properties of the leadership practices inventory (LPI) in the framework of item response theory (IRT). The LPI assesses five dimensions (i.e. leadership practices) of transformational leadership and consists of 30 items. IRT is a model-based theory that relates the characteristics of questionnaire items (item parameters) and characteristics of individuals (latent variables) to the probability of choosing each of the response categories. The theory does not assume that the instrument is equally reliable for all levels of the latent variable examined. Samejima's graded response model was used to estimate LPI item characteristics, such as item difficulty and item discrimination power. The results show that some items are redundant in the sense they contribute little to the overall precision of the instrument. Moreover, the LPI seems to be most precise and reliable for respondents with low to medium leadership competence, whereas it becomes increasingly unreliable for high-quality leaders. These findings suggest that the LPI is best used for training and development purposes, but not for leader selection purposes.
Abstract:The paper presents a socioeconomic analysis of the phenomena of informal economic activity. It is argued that the shadow economy has been beneficial for Slovenian society since the 19th century and has significantly contributed to the success of the Slovenian economy under the socialist regime. During Slovenia's transitional phase it has stimulated the formal economy, soothed social tensions and allowed export-oriented enterprises to remain internationally competitive by paying lower wages and obtaining cheaper inputs. However, it hinders innovation, impedes entrepreneurship and maintains the status quo, and thus represents an obstacle for future economic development in Slovenia.
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