Salt stress negatively affects plant development, mainly in arid and semiarid regions, promoting changes in their physiology and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germinative potential of creole maize (Zea mays L.) and fava bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) seeds under different salt stress conditions. The seeds were collected in rural areas of the municipalities of Guanambi, Candiba, and Brumado, which are within the Serra Geral region in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design was used; the treatments consisted of three salts (CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl) and four salinity levels (osmotic potentials of -0.3, -0.9, and -1.2 MPa). Seed physical analyses included moisture and purity, and physiological analyses included germination percentage, germination speed index, average germination time, and relative germination frequency. The storage of creole maize and fava bean seeds in plastic bottles and under adequate humidity ensures that seeds will have moisture content and physical purity within ideal values. Salt stresses induced by NaCl and CaCl2 salts at osmotic potentials of -0.3 to -1.2 MPa hinder the creole maize and fava bean seed germination, and their germination are null for both salts at osmotic potentials lower than -0.3 MPa. The creole maize and fava bean seeds show germination of 70% under salt stress induced by MgCl2 at osmotic potential of -0.3 MPa, making the germination of both species viable.

O meloeiro apresenta elevados gastos com adubos minerais, evidenciando a possibilidade da utilização de produtos alternativos como os biofertilizantes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta produtiva do melão amarelo, analisando seu desempenho diante da utilização de diferentes concentrações de biofertilizante líquido no semiárido baiano. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o em blocos aleatorizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo testemunha e 5 concentrações de biofertilizante: 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10%, aplicado via foliar na cultura. Realizaram-se oito pulverizações aos 30º dias após o plantio. Analisou-se o comprimento longitudinal e transversal do fruto, comprimento da cavidade longitudinal, espessura da polpa, peso médio do fruto, produtividade, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relação SS/AT. O biofertilizante promoveu aumento do comprimento longitudinal dos frutos de forma linear crescente, enquanto as demais variáveis foram influenciadas de forma quadrática, com exceção dos SS e SS/AT que apresentaram resposta cúbica. O uso de biofertilizante líquido no sistema orgânico de produção promove melhorias na produtividade e qualidade do meloeiro.

The production of quality forest seedlings in large quantities is essential for the restoration of environments that have been deforested and degraded. However, obtaining seeds with high vigor is a challenge for several tree species native to Brazil. The objective of this work was to verify the germination potential of jatobá-da-mata seeds at different stages of maturation, in order to favor the production of seedlings of this species in nurseries. The seeds were extracted from green and ripe fruits detached from the mother plant and ripe fruits collected from the ground. The germination percentage, average germination time, emergence speed index, average speed, relative frequency, leaf area of the seedling, and length of the aerial part and root were measured. The planting was carried out with mechanically scarified and intact seeds from each maturation group. The results indicated that non-scarified green seeds can be used for planting and seedling production, as they do not require pre-germination treatment and have a favorable germination percentage (79%). Fruit seeds harvested from the ground, on the other hand, needed a method to overcome integumentary dormancy, such as mechanical scarification, obtaining a germination rate of 85%. The seeds of ripe fruits harvested in the matrix showed greater vigor, with a higher percentage of germination (96 to 100%), a higher emergence speed index, shorter average germination time, and seedlings with greater leaf area and greater length of shoot.

Após um século de intensas produções agropecuárias, baseadas na monocultura do café, pecuária bovina extensiva e intenso ciclo madeireiro, as florestas do município de São Roque do Canaã se restringiram a pequenos fragmentos isolados, rodeados por ambientes não florestados. Mediante tal constatação, objetivou-se realizar o levantamento da cobertura florestal e caracterizar os fragmentos florestais localizados em São Roque do Canaã/ES utilizando métricas de ecologia de paisagem com uso de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), atrelado a uma análise ambiental desses fragmentos. Tais objetivos foram alcançados através da quantidade e frequência de classe de tamanhos dos fragmentos, Índice de Diversidade de Patton (DI), Índice de circularidade (C) e o Índice Perimetral (IP). Com base nos resultados, concluímos que o município possui 17,6% de sua área coberta por florestas, sendo que deste total, 67,7% possui área inferior a 3 ha e 91,8% possuem área inferior a 15 ha.  Por meio do mapeamento dos fragmentos florestais, verificamos que os fragmentos tendem para formatos irregulares com bordas dentadas, correspondendo a 49% do total. Cerca de 76% dos fragmentos tendem para formatos alongados e isolados, o que contribui para a perda de biodiversidade. Conclui-se que a vegetação florestal remanescente encontra-se fragmentada e a maioria dos fragmentos florestais observados apresentam tamanho considerado insatisfatório para manter a estabilidade e a autossustentabilidade ambiental. Evaluation of the Size and Shape of Forest Fragments Using Landscape Metrics for the Municipality of São Roque do Canaã, Northwest of Espírito Santo State A B S T R A C TAfter a century of intense coffee monoculture-based agricultural production, extensive cattle ranching and intense timber cycle, the forest cover of São Roque do Canaã (ES) were reduced to small, isolated fragments surrounded by non-forested environments. From this observation, this paper aims carrying out a survey of the forest cover and characterize the forest fragments located in São Roque do Canaã by metrics of landscape ecology approach, using the Geographic Information System (GIS) linked to the environmental analysis of the fragments. Main data was obtained by calculating the quantity and frequency of the size class of the fragments, Patton's Diversity Index (DI), Circularity Index (C) and the Perimeter Index (IP). We concluded that the municipality has 17.6% of its area covered by forests, of which 91.8% is 15 ha or smaller, and 67.7% is lesser than 3 ha. The fragments tend to irregular shapes with jagged edges, with a tendency to elongated shapes, characteristics that foster the deleterious consequences of the edge effect. In conclusion, the remaining forest vegetation is highly fragmented, mainly composed by very small and isolated fragments, which is considered unsatisfactory to maintain stability and environmental self-sustainability. Actions to recover vegetation, such as the implementation of ecological corridors, the creation of conservation units and agroforestry production systems are recommended ways to increase the percentage of forests in São Roque do Canaã.Keywords: Fragmentation, landscape ecology, edge effect, biodiversity, deforestation.

The knowledge of the physiological aspects of Caatinga’s vegetal species is extremely important for preserving this biome, which suffers with human impacts, mainly to select propagation methods. Erythrina velutina is a Brazilian tree, generally found in Caatinga, with medical and forestry potential. The objective of this paper was to determine the best soaking period in gibberellin solution to achieve the highest germination and to evaluate the internal anatomy by digital microtomography of E. velutina seeds. The design was completely randomized and consisted of eight treatments: 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of soaking, scarified seeds and the control with no-scarified seeds. Digital microtomography was efficient in describing the anatomy of the seeds and distinguishing their tissues. There was no significant difference between the treatments at different soaking times, as the gibberellic acid did not influence the germination; only the control presented a lower germination percentage, differing from the other treatments. The study presents evidence that E. velutina seeds do not require the exogenous use of gibberellic acid, but only the scarification process. In addition, the use of digital microtomography can be useful in understanding the anatomy of seeds, especially forest species, which can contribute to the future studies of other plant species.

As espécies leguminosas por suas características de alta deposição de serapilheira e fixação biológica de nitrogênio têm apresentado papel de destaque para a inserção em ambientes degradados. quantificar os nutrientes no solo sob duas espécies de leguminosas (Mimosa velloziana Mart e Tephrosia candida DC) e em área com Floresta de Tabuleiros, e estimar o balanço de nutrientes no sistema solo-planta na área com as leguminosas. Coletou-se amostras deformadas e indeformadas do solo nas profundidades de 0 – 5, 5 – 15 e 15 – 30 cm, procedendo-se as análises químicas. Verificou-se que os maiores teores de nutrientes estão contidos na camada superficial do solo. O solo sob a Floresta de Tabuleiros apresentou-se mais pobre nutricionalmente que o solo das leguminosas, apresentando, porém, maiores teores de matéria orgânica e nitrogênio total no solo. As leguminosas equipararam-se quanto a fertilidade do solo e ao balanço de nutrientes em seu local de inserção.Palavras-chave: Qualidade do solo; Reserva Natural Vale; Floresta de Tabuleiros, Mimosa velloziana Mart;  Tephrosia candida DCNutrient balance in the system with leguminousABSTRACTLeguminous species, due to their characteristics of high litter deposition and biological nitrogen fixation, play an important role in insertion in degraded environments. quantify nutrients in the soil under two legume species (Mimosa velloziana Mart and Tephrosia candida DC) and in the area with native forest, and estimate the balance of nutrients in the soil-plant system in the area with legumes. We collected deformed and deformed samples at depths of 0 - 5, 5 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm, proceeding with chemical analysis. It was found that the highest levels of nutrients are contained in the topsoil. The soil under the native forest is found to be poorer than the leguminous soil, presenting, however, higher levels of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil. As legumes, they were compared in terms of soil fertility and the balance of nutrients at their insertion site.Key words: Soil quality; Vale Nature Reserve; Tray Forest; Mimosa velloziana Mart; Tephrosia candida DC

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Aristolochia elegans é uma planta muito apreciada por seus atrativos paisagísticos, sendo amplamente utilizada como espécie ornamental, porém, informações sobre o seu comportamento germinativo são escassas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas e concentrações de giberelina na germinação de sementes de A. elegans. As sementes foram imersas em solução de giberelina nas concentrações de 100, 200 e 300 mg L-1, posteriormente foram semeadas sobre papel mata-borrão e transferidas para os germinadores com temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC. Não houve efeito de interação ou efeito isolado de giberelina, apenas efeito isolado da temperatura em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Para a germinação, a curva obteve uma resposta máxima na temperatura estimada em 29,14˚C, com 75% de germinação e a temperatura mínima estimada em 16,9˚C. A velocidade média de germinação cresceu com a elevação da temperatura até um máximo de 29ºC, e em temperaturas acima desse valor, a velocidade diminuiu. Conclui-se que a temperatura aproximada de 29,4˚C permite a melhor germinação, enquanto temperatura abaixo de 16,9˚C, temperatura mínima estimada, não ocorre a germinação das sementes e que não há efeito da giberelina nos parâmetros de germinação quando aplicadas doses entre 100 e 300 mg L-1.