a b s t r a c tBackground: In 2006, bronchiolitis due to adenovirus nosocomial infections resulted in the closure of a pediatric department in northern Portugal. Objectives: To determine the etiology of bronchiolitis in northern Portugal. Study design: It was a prospective multicenter study on the etiology of bronchiolitis during the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season (November-April). Children ≤24 months of age admitted for a first wheezing episode were included. Nasopharyngeal specimens were analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescentantibody assay (IFA) for RSV, adenovirus (HAdV), parainfluenza (PIV) 1-3 and influenza (IV) A and B and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-PCR for the same viruses and for human metapneumovirus (hMPV), bocavirus (HBoV), rhinovirus (HRV), coronaviruses (229/E; NL63; OC43; HKU1) and enterovirus. Results: During this period, 253 children were included, 249 IFA analyses and 207 PCRs were performed. IFA detected RSV in 58.1%; PCR increased it to 66.7%. IFA detected HAdV in 3.2%, PCR 10.0%. PCR detected IV A in 5; IV B in 2; PIV 1 in 6, PIV 2 in 4 and PIV 3 in 11 cases. HBoV, as single agent in 2 cases, and HRV were positive in 8 samples and hMPV in 11. With this virus panel, 19.7% remained without etiology. Conclusions: The most frequent agent was RSV, followed by HAdV. PCR can be cost-effective and more accurate than IFA, which is crucial for HAdV that may be associated with significant mortality (IFA alone did not detect 2/3 of the cases).
Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and promotion of active lifestyle should start early. Blood pressure (BP) in childhood correlates with BP in adulthood. The knowledge about children's physical activity influence on BP is limited. Aims:To analyse the relation between physical activity (PhyA) and time of "screen-activities" (ST) performed by children and BP.Methods: 428 children were enrolled, provided parent's consent. Measurements: BP: systolic (syst) and diastolic (diast) Z-score, pulse pressure (PP), mean pressure (PM). Activity information was obtained from: 1) a seven-day questionnaire, 2) the K13Plus PhyA and sedentary behaviour scale (K13 PhyS).Based on Z-score BP values participants were classified in: High-BP (HBP) ≥ 1.03 (n: syst=46, diast=100), Normal-BP (NBP) < 1.03 (n: syst=382, diast=328). Conclusions:-Children studied just reach current PhyA and "screen-time" recommendations.-PhyA have an effect on children´s BPvalues.-Mean time/day of moderate+vigorous PhyA seems to be the best preventive factor; inversely "screentime"/day.-PhyA and BP at childhood relationship must be considered as protective cardiovascular risk factors. Background and aims: Good oral hygiene habits should be implemented very soon in children's development. It is important to quantify the improvements and the dental plaque index can be an easy mean to do it. EVALUATION OF ORAL HYGIENE HABITS IN
Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and may lead to renal damage. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of abnormal scintigraphy findings in children with UTI and VUR.Patients and methods: Data of 118 children who underwent micturating cystourethrography (MCU) and late Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan were evaluated. Findings were categorized under the image appearance and relative kidney uptake (RKU) and related to the grade of VUR, sex and child's age.Results: MCU revealed VUR (78 unilateral and 40 bilateral) of grades I, II, III, IV and V in 2, 47, 35, 19 and 15 patients respectively. There were 52 children with normal and 66 with abnormal DMSA finding. Scarring rate was significantly associated with high grade VUR (p=0.0023) and male gender ( p=0.0412). Bilateral scarring was shown exclusively in children with bilateral VUR. No significant difference was found between renal scarring and child's age in the same gender group. Poor kidney function was shown in 5 patients. Conclusion:Renal scarring highly correlated with grade of VUR. A strategy to perform MCU only on patients with abnormal DMSA finding is proposed. Aim of the study: To present a number of children with set diagnosis of APSGN in the Pristina Children's Clinic, incidence, clinical characteristics of the disease an adequate treatment. Their follow up aimed to determine the further course of the disease and the possibility for progressing into a chronic form. ACUTE POST STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN Materials and methods:This was an analysis of the children treated in the Prishtina Children's Clinic during [2007][2008][2009].The diagnosis of APSGN was set in 132 children based an anamnestic date for existing a prior streptococcal infection, clinical picture, as well as laboratory analyses. Results:The dominant age group was 7-11 year olds, while male patients were more frequent. Anticipatory throat infection appeared in 82% of all cases. In all cases, the clinical symptoms were hematuria and/or proteinuria. Hypertension was present in 73% cases, while edema was confirmed in 79 % of hospitalized patients. Positive ASO was confirmed in 75,8%. All cases were treated successfully and regularly followed up, only 3,5% cases were found resistant to therapy and progressed to chronic form. In all chronic cases, the diagnosis was confirmed after a renal biopsy. Conclusion:In a 96,5% of patient a complete recovery was obtained with further outpatient follow up, and only 3,5 % entered into the form of chronic glomerulonephritis. Keywords:Glomerulonephritis, diagnosis, treatment. Background and aims: High blood pressure (HBP) in children is defined as a blood pressure (BP) >95th percentile (age, height and sex-adjusted). Renovascular disease is a major cause of secondary hypertension in children. 987
Background and aims: Everybody recognizes the importance of good sleep habits, but this is not an easy issue to get the agreement of adolescents. The schedules are not the best and even the quality of sleep can be poor, with the consequences during daytime performances.
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