We evaluated evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation methods to improve outcomes for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A search of MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library produced 600 potential references. Thirty-two studies met predetermined inclusion criteria and were abstracted; data from 24 were placed into evidence tables. Two randomized controlled trials and one observational study provided evidence that specific forms of cognitive rehabilitation reduce memory failures and anxiety, and improve self-concept and interpersonal relationships for persons with TBI. The durability and clinical relevance of these findings is not established. Future research utilizing control groups and multivariate analysis must incorporate subject variability and must include standard definitions of the intervention and relevant outcome measures that reflect health and function.

We evaluated the evidence for effectiveness of rehabilitation methods throughout the phases of recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched, and a total of 3,098 abstracts were reviewed. The strongest studies were critically appraised and their data placed in evidence tables. Results showed that to determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for persons with TBI, a commitment must be made to population-based studies, strong controlled research design, standardization of measures, adequate statistical analysis, and specification of health outcomes of importance to persons with TBI and their families.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evidence for effectiveness of case management during recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. After an overview of TBI incidence, prevalence, and problems, and a brief explanation of case management, the study methods are described, the findings are discussed and recommendations are made for future research. Medline, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched and 83 articles met the criteria for review. The strongest studies (n = 3) were critically appraised and their design features and data were placed in two evidence tables. Due to methodological limitations, there was neither clear evidence of effectiveness nor of ineffectiveness. For future research, we recommend controlled research designs, standardization of measures, adequate statistical analysis and specification of health outcomes of importance to persons with TBI and their families.

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Head injury is defined as "a traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes (National Head Injury Foundation, 1985) .'' The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States has been

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