Objective: To evaluate the long-term quality of life of patients treated for head and neck cancer at a single institution in a developing country.Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a consecutive series of patients.Setting: Tertiary cancer center hospital in Brazil. Patients:Eligible subjects included patients treated between 1974 and 1999 for head and neck carcinoma who had a minimum disease-free survival of 2 years and who completed a Portuguese version of the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures:Descriptive analyses of the results and comparisons of the scores for each UW-QOL domain, stratified by tumor site, were performed using nonparametric tests.Results: Findings from 344 patients were analyzed. Of the study population, 140 (41%) had survived 2 to 5 years, 125 (36%) had survived 5 to 10 years, and 79 (23%) had survived more than 10 years since treatment. Primary tumor sites were in the oral cavity in 43.3% of cases, the oropharynx in 20.9%, the larynx in 32.0%, and the hypopharynx in 3.8%. In terms of treatment, 33.1% underwent surgery alone; 16.9%, radiotherapy alone; and 50% underwent combined treatment. Overall, 78.5% of the patients classified their own health as good or excellent. Stratified analysis showed that impairment in chewing and swallowing was more common in patients with oral and oropharyngeal tumors than in those with larynx and hypopharynx tumors, and speech impairment was more frequently related to patients with larynx and hypopharynx tumors than to those with oral and oropharynx tumors. In all tumor sites, the composite scores were significantly worse in advanced tumors than early stage tumors, but the use of combined treatment had the greatest negative impact on quality-of-life scores, after we adjusted for T and N stage with multivariable analyses (PϽ.001). Conclusions:The Portuguese version of the UW-QOL questionnaire was an effective tool to evaluate quality of life in a Brazilian population. Although many patients reported some limitations, most reported a good to excellent long-term quality of life.

BACKGROUND A study was conducted to assess for prognostic heterogeneity within the N2b and N2c classifications for oral cancer based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes and to determine whether laterality of neck disease provides additional prognostic information. METHODS An international multicenter study of 3704 patients with oral cancer undergoing surgery with curative intent was performed. The endpoints of interest were disease‐specific survival and overall survival. Model fit was assessed by the Akaike Information Criterion and comparison of models with and without the covariate of interest using a likelihood ratio test. RESULTS The median number of metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher in patients with N2c disease compared to those with N2b disease (P < .001). In multivariable analyses stratified by study center, the addition of the number of metastatic lymph nodes improved model fit beyond existing N classification. Next, the authors confirmed significant heterogeneity in prognosis based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes (≤ 2, 3‐4, and ≥ 5) in patients with both N2b and N2c disease (P < .001). A proposed reclassification combining N2b and N2c disease based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes demonstrated significant improvement in prognostic accuracy compared with the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, and no improvement was noted with the addition of a covariate for contralateral or bilateral neck disease (P = .472). CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of patients with oral cancer with N2b and N2c disease appears to be similar after adequate adjustment for the burden of lymph node metastases, irrespective of laterality. Based on this finding, the authors propose a modified lymph node staging system that requires external validation before implementation in clinical practice. Cancer 2014;120:1968–1974. © 2014 American Cancer Society.

Our results for 5-year survival are comparable to those in the literature with a treatment based on complete surgical resection. The only significant prognostic factor was tumor histological grade.

Patients with stage I to II OCSCC and positive/close margins have poor long-term outcomes. For this population, adjuvant treatment may be associated with improved survival. Cancer 2018;124:2948-55. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

Background We aimed to investigate whether depth of invasion (DOI) should be an independent indication for postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in small oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Methods Retrospective analysis of DOI (<5, 5 to <10, ≥10 mm) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in a multi‐institutional international cohort of 1409 patients with oral SCC ≤4 cm in size treated between 1990‐2011. Results In patients without other adverse factors (nodal metastases; close [<5 mm] or involved margins), there was no association between DOI and DSS, with an excellent prognosis irrespective of depth. In the absence of PORT, the 5‐year disease‐specific mortality was 10% with DOI ≥10 mm, 8% with DOI 5‐10 mm, and 6% with DOI <5 mm (P = .169), yielding an absolute risk difference of only 4%. Conclusion The deterioration in prognosis with increasing DOI largely reflects an association with other adverse features. In the absence of these, depth alone should not be an indication for PORT outside a clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION Techniques for thyroidectomy have evolved remarkably over the past 150 years. This is currently considered to be a very safe operation with favorable results when performed by experienced surgeons. 1 Hypocalcemia as a result of hypoparathyroidism is the most common postoperative complication of thyroidectomy. Hypoparathyroidism is considered to be transient if recovery occurs within days, weeks or a few months; or permanent when calcium levels do not return to normal within six months after surgery. 2,3 Transient hypoparathyroidism is seen in 0.3 to 49% of the patients undergoing thyroidectomy, whereas permanent hypoparathyroidism is less likely and has been reported in up to 13% of the cases. 4-8 The established risk factors for hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy are advanced age, female sex, size of the thyroid gland, substernal goiter, Graves' disease, surgical technique (de-vascularization, excision or other inadvertent damage of the parathyroid glands), central compartment dissection, reoperation, less experienced surgeon and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in the preoperative period. 9-18 Most thyroid surgeons provide calcium supplementation based on postoperative calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels, or presence of symptoms, whereas others routinely prescribe calcium and vitamin D supplementation after thyroidectomy to prevent hypocalcemia symptoms. 12,13,19 In a randomized study involving 143 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, it

The occurrence of metastases in levels IV/V was significant for disease-specific survival.

The complete removal of paragangliomas of the carotid bifurcation is effective with acceptable morbidity. All recurrences of the malignant tumors were distant metastasis.