La finalidad de esta investigación fue realizar la caracterización biofísica de la microcuencaSarampión, Manabí – Ecuador. Para lo cual se analizó información secundaria con verificaciónde campo; mediante la aplicación de Sistemas de Información Geográfica se elaboraron mapastemáticos en el software ArcGis 10.4; mediante evaluación ecológica rápida se identificaronespecies de flora y fauna del sector. Las características biofísicas de la microcuenca respondena un clima tropical megatérmico semihúmedo; depresiones como mesas muy disectadas, terrazaaluvial, y colinas medianas; un relieve con elevación máxima de 300 metros y un mínimo igual a40 metros; los cultivos son predominantes en cuanto al uso de suelo; y se determinó un riesgode inundación de 94,96 hectáreas; las especies más comunes son animales domesticados o floraintroducida, reflejando la vulnerabilidad de las especies nativas y endémicas. En conclusión, sepresenta una línea base que permitirá gestionar los recursos de la microcuenca para alcanzar eldesarrollo sostenible.
In the city of Calceta (Manabí, Ecuador) three poultry farms have been identified for the production of eggs, which do not perform any treatment of the excreta of the laying birds, which leads to the generation of gases and bad odors that affect the population. The present work analyzes the efficiency in the reduction of air pollution when treating poultry excreta with different doses of efficient microorganisms (EMs). The experiment was designed in a unifactorial way with four treatments, based on 5 Kg of poultry excreta. Volumetric doses were added in the following order: 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5 liters of EMs; while, 1 liter of water was added as control. The monitoring parameters were pH, humidity, ammonium and the number of colonies of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The biostabilization process was evaluated with two measurements, the first at 10 days and the second at 20 days of application of the EMs. The results show that at 20 days the pH values reached ranges between 8,3 and 7,6; a decrease in ammonium concentrations from 3,14 mg/L to 0,60 mg/L was achieved; in the case of humidity, there was a decrease of approximately 50%, which affected the decrease of the microbial population of yeasts, Bacillus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. in more than 90%. In conclusion, the efficient microorganisms allow the reduction of more than 70% of bad odors represented by ammonia, generated by the accumulation of poultry excreta. Index Terms— Efficient microorganisms, poultry, wastes, air contamination, aerobiology, pathogens
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