We describe an adolescent Peruvian male with marked, aggressive ingrowth of conjunctiva (pterygium-like) over the cornea associated with keloid formation on his distal limbs. He has in addition camptodactyly of all fingers and to some extent of his toes, and unusual skin pigmentations. He resembles an earlier described family from Norway in which a mother and two children showed a similar combination of signs. We present the follow-up of the Norwegian family. The entity resembles the Penttinen syndrome but can be differentiated due to the early aging in the latter, which is lacking in the presently reported entity. We suggest naming this entity ocular pterygium-digital keloid dysplasia. The condition follows likely an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

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Background We report the molecular analysis of the DMD gene in a group of Peruvian patients with Duchenne/Becker dystrophinopathy. This is the first study to thoroughly characterize mutations in this population. Methods We used the combination of multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and sequencing analysis of the DMD gene. We recruited Peruvian patients in 2 years from reference national hospitals. We performed DNA tests in 152 patients, checking first exon deletion/duplication by MLPA, and subsequently, if negative, samples were sequenced to detect point mutations. Results The average age for diagnosis was 9.8 years, suggesting a delay for timely diagnosis and care. We found causal DMD mutations in 125 patients: 72 (57.6%) exon deletions/duplications (41.6% deletions, 16.0% duplications), and 53 (42.4%) point mutations (27.2% nonsense, 9.6% small indels, and 5.6% splice site). Conclusion Due to our genetic background, we expected a higher number of novel and recurrent causal mutations in our sample. Results showed 16% of novel mutations, similar to other well‐studied populations.

Edited by Wilfried EllmeierOcular pterygium-digital keloid dysplasia (OPDKD) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by corneal ingrowth of vascularized conjunctival tissue early in life. Later, patients develop keloids on fingers and toes but are otherwise healthy. In a recently described family with OPDKD, we report the presence of a de novo c.770C > T, p.(Thr257Ile) variant in PELI2 in the affected individual. PELI2 encodes for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino-2. In transgenic U87MG cells overexpressing Pellino-2 with the p.(Thr257Ile) amino acid substitution, constitutive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was observed. However, the Thr257Ile variant did not affect Pellino-2 intracellular localization, its binding to known interaction partners, nor its stability. Our findings indicate that constitutive autoactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development of PELI2-associated OPDKD.

Introducción. Las aneuploidías son trastornos genéticos frecuentes en la práctica clínica; sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre las otras variantes genéticas que modifican el fenotipo final.Objetivo. Determinar las variantes en el número de copias y las regiones con pérdida de heterocigosidad autosómica mayor de 0,5 % o de regiones mayores de 10 Mb en neonatos con aneuploidías autosómicas.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo el análisis cromosómico por micromatrices a los neonatos con aneuploidías autosómicas (n=7), trisomía 21 (n=5) y trisomía 18 (n=2) evaluados en los hospitales Antonio Lorena y Regional de Cusco, Perú, en el 2018.Resultados. En dos neonatos se encontraron variantes en el número de copias, patogénicas o probablemente patogénicas, en regiones diferentes al cromosoma 21 o al 18. Además, se observaron dos variantes del número de copias con más de 500 kpb de patogenia desconocida.Conclusiones. Si bien el número de pacientes era muy reducido, es importante resaltar que se encontraron otras variantes en el número de copias que se han descrito asociadas con trastornos del neurodesarrollo, varias anomalías congénitas, hipoacusia y talla baja o alta, entre otras, lo que probablemente influye negativamente en el fenotipo de este grupo de pacientes.