Childhood behavioural disorders (CBDs) are a common reason for referral to paediatric services and are associated with negative individual and societal outcomes. This article addresses how childhood became a distinct entity and how historical changes shaped its definition. Thereafter, the evolution of diagnostic criteria for CBD and associated limitations will be summarised. This will be followed by a discussion about Aboriginal culture, and the impact of colonisation on social and emotional well‐being. This will provide a contextual frame for understanding how social and cultural context influences diagnoses of CBD in Aboriginal children. From this, a conversation about the journey moving forward will begin.
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