Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) of all genetic syndromes is the most common. In Hippotherapy, three-dimensional movements, provided by horse walking, awaken in the body of children with DS a large amount of sensory and neuromuscular stimuli, which directly interfere with overall development and the acquisition of motor skills. Objective: To analyze the effects of an Hippotherapy program on global motor coordination variables in individuals with DS of both genders and to compare individuals with the same syndrome who do not practice Hippotherapy. Methods: 41 individuals participated in the study, 20 of them practicing Hippotherapy (EG) and 21 who did not practice Hippotherapy (CG). The Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK) test was used, consisting of four tasks: Balance on beams, Single-lever jump, Side-jump and Transfer on platform for analysis of motor coordination for individuals. Results: Comparing the groups, a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed for the Lateral Leap Motor Quotient, the EG presented a better score (114.10) than the CG (88.47), and also in the Total Motor Ratio (EG = 115.10, GC = 102.47). The individuals that practice Hippotherapy presented better results in the global motor coordination, with significant difference (p < 0.05). In EG, 5% had high global motor coordination, 40% good and 55% normal, whereas in CG only 10% had good global motor coordination and 90% normal global motor coordination. Conclusion: It can be emphasized that equine therapy presents benefits of improvement in global motor coordination. Specifically in tasks such as the balance beam, single jump and side jump, besides global motor coordination.
Introduction Individuals with Down syndrome may have decreased respiratory muscle strength due to hypotonia, a common characteristic in this population. Objective To analyze the effects of a hippotherapy program on respiratory muscle strength in individuals with Down syndrome. Materials and methods The study included 41 subjects, 20 of which were in the hippotherapy practicing group (PG) and 21 of which were in the non-practicing group (NPG). Study subjects were of both sexes, aged 7-13 years, and all diagnosed with Down syndrome. A manovacuometer was used to measure respiratory muscle strength, following the protocol proposed by Black and Hyatt (23). Statistical analysis was performed by means of descriptive distribution. After verifying normality and homoscedasticity of the variables, the Mann-Whitney test was used to determine differences between the means of the two groups (PG and NPG), and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test was used to view possible relationships with age and time practicing hippotherapy. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results and discussion Individuals who practiced hippotherapy showed improvements in both inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle strength, although no significant difference was demonstrated. Conclusion This study demonstrates that hippotherapy benefits respiratory muscle strength in individuals with Down syndrome, and that the youngest subjects had the best results.
A prática de atividades vigorosas está sendo diminuída pela influencia da mecanização que facilita a vida dos indivíduos. Na América do Norte e Europa é preocupante a redução dos níveis de atividade física entre os adultos, do mesmo modo, isto ocorre entre crianças e adolescentes nas últimas décadas, paralelamente a elevação do tempo dedicado à televisão, videogames e computadores (BOREHAM et al.; ARMSTRONG; WELSMAN, apud CARVALHO FILHO et al., 2006). Se houvesse uma aceitação de um estilo de vida mais ativo, poderia obter bons níveis de aptidão física, que por sua vez, poderia adequar-se a sensações de bem estar físico, mental e social. Acredita-se que com o passar do tempo, as pessoas se conscientizem cada vez mais, adotando um estilo de vida que lhe proporcione melhores níveis de saúde.Grande parte das atitudes relacionadas à atividade física na idade adulta é decorrente de atitudes semelhantes na infância e na adolescência (HOBOLD et al., 1999). Desta forma parece provável enfatizar que, quando se objetiva realizar intervenções que possibilitem a mudança de hábitos de atividade física, a infância e a adolescência parecem ser as fases mais favoráveis. Motriz, Rio Claro, v.16 n.3 p.664-671, jul./set. 2010 Artigo Original Aptidão cardiorespiratória e composição corporal em crianças e adolescentesSimonete Pereira da Silva Cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in children and adolescentsAbstract: This study aimed to assess the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in children and adolescents from cariri region. The sample consists of 461 individuals (230 male and 231 female) aged between 8 and 16 years old, from public and private schools in the region of Cariri-Ceará-Brazil. The children were evaluated of body composition based on the assessment the weight and height, triceps and subscapular skinfolds. The endurance was evaluated through the test for 12 minutes. Through these results, we can conclude that girls and boys start to make important differences in body composition variables in the group 3 for girls and 4 for boys, this is where the pubertal period. For cardio respiratory fitness the boys in all cohorts have a better fitness than girls.
Engajado com o compromisso ético, político e por ter sido criado em um ambiente humanista, Herni Paul Hyacinthe Wallon desenvolve seus estudos acerca da teoria psicogenética. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo proporcionar um diálogo sobre as principais contribuições da teoria psicogenética de Henri Wallon na educação. Os estudos desenvolvidos por Wallon sobre a psicogenética fornecem suporte teórico para se compreender a dimensão afetiva, cognitiva, o ato motor e a construção da personalidade individual no desenvolvimento integral do ser humano. A escola representa o meio social oportuno ao viabilizar ações que desenvolva as capacidades cognitiva e afetiva no ambiente escolar, iniciando na infância e perdurando até a fase adulta. A criança se constrói em meio a interação com o outro, onde o meio social constitui um elemento indispensável no crescimento educacional, cognitivo e na construção do Eu. A teoria psicogenética tem grande influência na ciência psicomotora, contribuindo no repensar da prática pedagógica, visando o desenvolvimento integral da criança, o qual leva em consideração a motricidade, cognição, afetividade e socialização, buscando uma relação com a família, os seus pares e os objetos. A educação da criança ou jovem não deve negligenciar a prática psicomotora, que se relaciona com os desenvolvimentos cognitivos, afetivos e sociais. Considera-se que as práticas exercidas através do jogo e da brincadeira, fornecem o desenvolvimento do educando em sua totalidade, se realizada de maneira direcionada, buscando a aprendizagem em todas as etapas de desenvolvimento Palavras-chave: Educação; Psicogenética; Educação Psicomotora.
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