Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with abundant adipocytokine changes which may play an important role in the progression of insulin resistance and micro- and macro-vascular complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the differential effect of metformin alone or in combination with glyburide on apelin serum levels in patients with T2DM. In this case–control study, fifty patients with T2DM in the age range of 45–65 years and twenty-five healthy controls matched for age and body weight were recruited from single endocrinology center, subdivided according to the diabetic pharmacotherapy into: Group I: healthy controls (n = 25), Group II: T2DM patients on metformin (n = 15), Group III: T2DM patients on glyburide (n = 17), and Group IV: T2DM patients on metformin plus glyburide (n = 28). Biochemical and anthropometric variables in relation to apelin serum levels were estimated. Apelin serum levels were low in normal healthy controls compared to T2DM patients (P < 0.01). The differential effect of diabetic pharmacotherapy on apelin serum level was statistically significant (P < 0.01) compared to the controls, but insignificant when compared among used drugs (P > 0.05). Apelin level was high in T2DM compared to the controls; both metformin and glyburide might play a role in this elevation.

Objectives:The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of statins on the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass in patients with ischemic stroke.Materials and Methods:A total number of 59 patient ages 43–69 years with cerebral stroke compared to 39 healthy controls that matching the age and body weight. The patients were divided into 32 patients on statins therapy assigned as statins users and 27 patients, not on statins therapy assigned as nonstatins users. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were done including lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers.Results:Stroke patients on statins therapy showed a comparable low of Lp-PLA (29.82 ± 3.19 IU/mL) to nonstatins user stroke patients (15.58 ± 5.73 IU/mL). Lp-PLA2 mass levels were positively correlated with body mass index, blood pressure changes, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein and stroke risk (SR) percentage.Conclusions:Patients on statins with ischemic stroke had low levels of Lp-PLA2 mass levels compared to nonstatins user with ischemic stroke. Lp-PLA2 mass levels were higher in men than women and correlated with lipid profile and SR in patients with ischemic stroke.

Background: Aescin or β-escin is the main and active constituent of horse chestnut seed (Aesculus hippocastanum) used for the treatment of inflammatory edema, venous insufficiency and ischemic ulcerations. Aescin has many actions due to induction of endothelial nitric oxide and prostaglandin F2-α production moreover; aescin antagonizes the effect of histamine and 5HT at receptor levels. </P><P> Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neurobehavioral effects of aescin on normal healthy volunteers. </P><P> Method: A total number of 65 healthy participants with mean age of 21+1.1 years were recruited to study the effects of aescin on the neurobehavioral effects of normal healthy volunteers compared to placebo. The neurobehavioral effects were assessed by psychomotor performances and sensorimotor reaction, cortical arousal and central integrity processes and assessment of memory capacity. Results: Placebo produced insignificant amelioration of TRT and RRT p>0.05, with mild significant effect on MRT p=0.03. Aescin produced a significant effect in the amelioration of psychomotor performances and sensorimotor reaction p=0.0001. Regarding the differential effect of placebo and aescin on the cortical arousal and central integrity processes, placebo illustrated insignificant effect at p>0.05 whereas; aescin showed mild significant effect on Critical Fusion Frequency (CFFA) p<0.05 and highly significant effect on the other parameters p<0.01 except for critical-fusion frequency threshold when aescin illustrated insignificant effect at p>0.05. Aescin illustrated significant acceleration of ІІ-back WMA, ІІІ-back WMA and Second trial Short-Term Memory (STM) at p<0.01 compared to the placebo effect. Conclusion: Short-term therapy with aescin improves the neurobehavioral effects on healthy volunteers.

The present study aimed to measure serum vaspin and apelin levels in women with PCOS to show their rule in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Ninety eight women with PCOS, 51 non-obese [body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2] and 47 obese (BMI >25 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. Each group is compared to apparently healthy women as a control group matched for age and BMI. Clinical history, anthropometric measurements and biochemical and hormonal analysis were determined. The mean serum level of vaspin and apelin showed statistically significant difference between PCOS patients (non-obese and obese) compared to control women (non-obese and obese) respectively. Also, the levels of both parameters (vaspin, apelin)showed significant differences between PCOS obese patients and non-obese ones. It is concluded that serum vaspin and apelin level increased in PCOS women particularly the obese. These data suggest their involvement in the pathogenesis of PCOS

Objective: In the present study, screening for some flavonoids (aglycone and glycoside) in tamarix aphylla by using thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromat-ography. Methods: The leaves of   Tamarix.aphylla was extracted by soxhlet with Ethylacetate and then with the ethanol /water 90%. The flavonoids were detected by Analyticl thin layer chromatography using standards and by HPLC. Results:Three  flavonoid aglycones were extracted  with ethylacetate (Kaempferol .Quercetin , Isorhamnetin) and one flavonoid glycoside (Rutin) was detected in the  ethanol /water  90% extract. Conclusion: From   this    study can be conclude that tamarix aphylla is a promising plant for many flavonoid compounds that have many pharmacological actions