A mathematical model was applied to analyze cooperation among producers in waste management.• The Shapely value was used to show the potential cost to the waste producers in the case of cooperation. • A case study for the process of waste management was investigated.In this paper, we apply a mathematical model based on cooperative game theory to model cooperation among producers in waste management. Then, we use the Shapely value as a solution concept in a cooperative game to evaluate the cooperation existing among producers, in order to show the potential cost to the waste producers in the case of cooperation and reduce the overall costs of processing non-recyclable waste during the cooperation. Thus, this study concludes that all producers divide sanitary landfills or incineration of nonrecyclable waste, meaning that for each producer who earns more, there will be a greater contribution to the disposal or treatment of non-recyclable waste.

The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract (methanol - ethanol) and flavonoids by diffusion  methods of wells of Salvia officinalis L. and Costus speciosus L. plants on Escherichia . coli and Proteus  spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infection Samarra city, the samples were collected during the period from 15/7/2018 to 30/9/2018, It was found through the results that the extracts plant that used in this study showed various inhibitory effect against, The bacteria species study imitation , where on differ this effect by difference the concentration that used and type the plant extract , showing  E.coli significant difference at significant (p< 0.05) in inhibition diameter of alcoholic (methanol) extract for Salvia officinalis L. (10.61±7.5) at higher concentration used, while these bacteria showed on significant difference in the level of inhibition diameter of alcoholic (ethanolic) extract for Salvia officinalis L., whereas the flavonoids Netted significant difference of these plant in some of concentration that used comparied with the antibiotic that used in this study. Either regarding proteus spp. bacteria notted no significant difference of both the Costus speciosus L. and Salvia officinalis L. by using the alcoholic (ethanolic) extract, while the flavonoids extract showed no significant difference in Costus speciosus L., whereas showed high significant difference in flavonoids extract of Salvia officinalis  L., due to the fact that the flavonoids extract is one of the active substance that done laboratory extraction for both the plants where that higher inhibitory effect of microbial growth from the alcoholic (ethanolic – methanolic) extract of plants .    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.009

31 year old man was referred with prolonged loss of vision after a typical migraine attack. His usual migraine attacks consisted of a left sided headache preceded by nausea and vomiting and a visual aura of coloured and flashing lights in both visual fields. Visual loss after his migraines could last up to one hour. The frequency of his headaches had markedly increased eight months before presentation and these were relieved with a combination of pizotifen and naratriptan. Three weeks before presentation, he suffered a typical migraine but noticed that the visual loss after the migraine persisted as a "hole" in the vision of the left eye. Two weeks later he developed a similar scotoma in the field of the right eye with distortion of vision in that eye such that straight lines appeared wavy. He had no other relevant past medical history. On examination, his visual acuity was restricted to perception of movement only in the left eye and 6/60 in the right eye. Fundoscopy revealed the presence of arteriolar-venous nipping, "flame

The current study aimed at the possibility of benefiting from the plant extracts of the Costus speciosus and Salvia officinalis plants in the treatment of bacterial diseases through knowing the inhibitory effect of these extracts on the isolated bacterial species. The aqueous cold - hot and alcoholic extracts ethanol – methanol were tested with concentrations of 70,50,10 mg / ml and by the method of diffusion in pollen of Costus speciosus .L and Saliva officinalis L. on the bacterial genera Pseudomonas areuginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter spp. that isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in the city of Samarra, where the results showed that the two types of water extracts, especially the hot ones, are more efficient than both alcoholic extracts of The two plants mentioned above. Where the concentration of 70 mg / ml gave the aqueous extracts a high inhibitory capacity and for both plants compared to the other concentrations, as it was found that the inhibitory capacity increased with increasing concentrations, while the alcohol extracts had a low inhibitory capacity to no compared to the aqueous extracts.

The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract (methanol - ethanol) and flavonoids by diffusion  methods of wells of Salvia officinalis L. and Costus speciosus L. plants on Escherichia . coli and Proteus  spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infection Samarra city, the samples were collected during the period from 15/7/2018 to 30/9/2018, It was found through the results that the extracts plant that used in this study showed various inhibitory effect against, The bacteria species study imitation , where on differ this effect by difference the concentration that used and type the plant extract , showing  E.coli significant difference at significant (p< 0.05) in inhibition diameter of alcoholic (methanol) extract for Salvia officinalis L. (10.61±7.5) at higher concentration used, while these bacteria showed on significant difference in the level of inhibition diameter of alcoholic (ethanolic) extract for Salvia officinalis L., whereas the flavonoids Netted significant difference of these plant in some of concentration that used comparied with the antibiotic that used in this study. Either regarding proteus spp. bacteria notted no significant difference of both the Costus speciosus L. and Salvia officinalis L. by using the alcoholic (ethanolic) extract, while the flavonoids extract showed no significant difference in Costus speciosus L., whereas showed high significant difference in flavonoids extract of Salvia officinalis  L., due to the fact that the flavonoids extract is one of the active substance that done laboratory extraction for both the plants where that higher inhibitory effect of microbial growth from the alcoholic (ethanolic – methanolic) extract of plants .