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A valid seismic damage scene for indoor nonstructural components is critical for virtual earthquake safety drills which can teach occupants how to survive in earthquakes. A virtual scene construction method for the seismic damage of suspended ceilings and moveable furniture is proposed based on FEMA P-58 and a physics engine. First, a modeling framework is designed based on building information modeling (BIM) to create consistent structural and scene models for the subsequent structural time-history analysis (THA) and scene construction. Subsequently, FEMA P-58 is employed to determine the damage states of nonstructural components based on the results of the THA. Finally, the physical models on the movements of the damaged components are designed using a physics engine and are also validated through the experiments such as an existing shaking table test. Considering a six-story building as a case study, a virtual earthquake scene of the indoor nonstructural components is constructed and applied in an earthquake safety drill. The outcome of this study provides well-founded scenes of the seismic damage to indoor nonstructural components for performing virtual earthquake safety drills.

Three-dimensional, visible models of the superior mediastinum based on the sectional images of VCHF can provide unique insight into the anatomy of superior mediastinum. These models provide an excellent adjunct to the anatomy curriculum in medical schools and an invaluable tool for the practicing surgeon planning an operation in this complex anatomic region.

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In this study, the high-quality cubic-shaped single-crystalline Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT) has been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method, in which their grain size can be modulated effectively by both mineralizer concentration and reactant concentration. Our result shows that the formation of fine cubic-shaped NBT can be promoted by increasing the mineralizer concentration, while be inhibited by increasing the reactant concentration as a whole. However, further higher mineralizer concentration or lower reactant concentration may lead to a smaller grain size in NBT. From our results, it is suggested that, to synthesize a big single crystalline of NBT, a suitable mineralizer and reactant concentration should be carefully considered. Interestingly, it is also found that the one-dimensional nanostructure may be more inclined to form Na-Ti-O (NT) compounds rather than NBT phase. And the growth mechanism and a possible growth model have been presented. Our result presents a simple and green technical preparation route for the low-cost and high-quality NBT single crystalline with self-designed shape and size.