Population Health Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Ontario SPOR Support Unit, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, GSK, Novartis, King Pharma, and national and local organisations in participating countries that are listed at the end of the Article.

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 has generated enormous interest in the biodiversity, genomics and cross-species transmission potential of coronaviruses, especially those from bats, the second most speciose order of mammals. Herein, we identified a novel coronavirus, provisionally designated Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1 (Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1), in the rectal swab samples of Rousettus leschenaulti bats by using pan-coronavirus RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Although the virus is similar to Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 (Ro-BatCoV HKU9) in genome characteristics, it is sufficiently distinct to be classified as a new species according to the criteria defined by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). More striking was that Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1 contained a unique gene integrated into the 3’-end of the genome that has no homologs in any known coronavirus, but which sequence and phylogeny analyses indicated most likely originated from the p10 gene of a bat orthoreovirus. Subgenomic mRNA and cellular-level observations demonstrated that the p10 gene is functional and induces the formation of cell syncytia. Therefore, here we report a putative heterologous inter-family recombination event between a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus and a double-stranded segmented RNA virus, providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms of viral evolution.

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With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (loT), the typical application of wireless body area networks (WBANs) based smart healthcare has drawn wide attention from all sectors of society. To alleviate the pressing challenges, such as resource limitations, low-latency service provision, mass data processing, rigid security demands, and the lack of a central entity, the advanced solutions of fog computing, software-defined networking (SON) and blockchain are leveraged in this work. On the basis of these solutions, a task offloading strategy with a centralized low-latency, secure and reliable decision-making algorithm having powerful emergency handling capacity (LSROM-EH) is designed to facilitate the resource-constrained edge devices for task offloading. Additionally, to well ensure the security of the entire network, a comprehensive blockchain-based two-layer and multidimensional security strategy is proposed. Furthermore, to tackle the inherent time-inefficiency problem of blockchain, we propose a blockchain sharding scheme to reduce system time latency. Extensive simulation has been conducted to validate the performance of the proposed measures, and numerical results verify the superiority of our methods with lower time-latency, higher reliability and security.

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