Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participated in growth and development of skeletal muscle; however, little is known about their response to testosterone deficiency in porcine skeletal muscle. We compared lean mass related carcass traits and lncRNAs expression files in Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle between intact and castrated Huainan male pigs. The results showed that castration significantly reduced eye muscle area and lean meat percentage (P < 0.05), but increased the fat mass weight (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 8946 lncRNAs, including 6743 intergenic lncRNAs (lincRNAs), 498 anti-sense lncRNAs, and 1705 intronic lncRNAs, were identified in porcine LD, among which, 385 lncRNAs were considered as the differentially expressed candidates between intact groups and castrated groups (q-value < 0.05). Functional analysis indicated that these differently expressed lncRNAs and their target genes were involved in the estrogen receptor signaling pathway and skeletal and muscular system development and function. We first detect porcine muscular lncRNA response to castration, and the results suggested that lncRNAs and their target genes participated in the regulation of testosterone deficiency-related skeletal muscle growth.
Clinical investigation of obesity-related risk factors aids in the early detection, prevention, and management of obesity. We aimed to examine the association between obesity and serum uric acid (sUA). A cross-sectional study was conducted including 18473 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The exposure and outcome variables were sUA and body mass index (BMI), respectively. The weighted multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings were conducted to assess the association between sUA and BMI. There were significantly positive correlations between sUA and BMI in both males and females ( β = 1.414, 95% CI: 1.323−1.505, P < .0001, β = 1.853, 95% CI: 1.740−1.966, P < .0001, respectively). Furthermore, individuals in the higher sUA quartiles had higher BMI than those in the lowest quartile in both males and females. Subgroup analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity, results indicated the positive association of sUA with BMI in males remained in all races including Mexican American ( β = 1.203, 95% CI: 0.965−1.442, P < .0001), other Hispanic ( β = 1.126, 95% CI: 0.858−1.395, P < .0001), non-Hispanic White ( β = 1.493, 95% CI: 1.343−1.642, P < .0001), non-Hispanic Black ( β = 1.331, 95% CI: 1.122−1.540, P < .0001), and other races ( β = 1.329, 95% CI: 1.115−1.544, P < .0001). And the positive association of sUA with BMI in females also remained in all races including Mexican American ( β = 1.806, 95% CI: 1.520−2.092, P < .0001), other Hispanic ( β = 2.033, 95% CI: 1.687−2.379, P < .0001), non-Hispanic White ( β = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.657−2.037, P < .0001), non-Hispanic Black ( β = 2.141, 95% CI: 1.874−2.408, P < .0001), and other races ( β = 1.348, 95% CI: 1.081−1.615, P < .0001). The current cross-sectional study with 18473 US participants found that an elevated sUA was positively correlated with a higher BMI in males, females, and all kinds of races.
Pump-controlled motor hydrostatic system (PCMH) is widely applied for rotary driving in heavy industry and construction machinery due to its high-power density and efficient speed regulation performance. However, the contradiction of the PCMH system between energy saving and speed control appears when it deals with negative loads. To address this contradiction, an energy-efficient speed regulating method based on electro-proportional counterbalance valves (EPCBVs) is designed, along with the corresponding controller. The working principle of the proposed scheme is that under a negative-load operation mode, determined by the supervisory controller according to system states and reference inputs, the speed of the hydraulic motor is controlled by a velocity controller through adjustment of the control signal of the EPCBV, and that the inlet pressure of the hydraulic motor is maintained at a defined low point by a pressure controller through pump displacement control. Comparative experiments between the EPCBV and T-CBV (a PCMH system based on a typical CBV) systems are conducted to verify the superiority of the proposed scheme in energy-efficient speed regulation under negative loads. The results show that, in most of the working conditions, the EPCBV system shows better adaption than the T-CBV system to varying negative loads and maintains higher stability than the T-CBV. Moreover, the speed accuracy of the EPCBV system can be maintained above 95%, which is greater than that of the T-CBV system, varying from 48% to 90%. Furthermore, the maximum power consumption is only about 4 Kw and is far less than that of the T-CBV system, which is about 13.79 Kw. The power-saving ratio changes from 20% to 82%, but it goes beyond 50% in most of the working conditions. The proposed method is easy to implement in practical application and is of great significance to the PCMH system for energy-efficient speed control under negative loads.
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