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Asymmetric phosphine catalysis showcasing remarkable progress over the past two decades has emerged as a key synthetic platform for the creation of molecular frameworks encountered in medicinal chemistry and materials science. Different types of novel chiral phosphine catalysts have been developed and employed in cornucopias of organic transformations, such as annulation, addition, Morita-Baylis-Hillman, and Rauhut-Currier reactions, among others. This review summarizes all of the literature examples from late 1990s to the end of 2017, alongside their mechanistic insights whenever possible, with a very aim to trigger more intensive research in the future to render asymmetric phosphine catalysis one of the most common and reliable tools to organic chemists.

The first highly enantioselective phosphine-catalyzed formal [4+4] annulation has been developed. In the presence of amino-acid-derived phosphines, the unprecedented [4+4] annulations between benzofuran/indole-derived α,β-unsaturated imines and allene ketones proceeded smoothly, thus affording azocines, bearing either a benzofuran or an indole moiety, in excellent yields and with nearly perfect enantioselectivities (≥98 % ee in most cases). This work marks the first efficient asymmetric construction of optically enriched eight-membered rings by phosphine catalysis.

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