In recent years, the hybridization of the pristine CPMs with other materials or themselves has become a new research trend. In the field of MOF chemistry, a great development is expected as a fourthgeneration MOF. [9] Hybridization of CPMs and other materials can enhance or create novel functions. For example, hybridization of MOFs with organic polymers [10] is promising because it provides fundamental insight about interactions between MOFs and polymers and has yielded separation membranes toward practical use. On the other hand, hybridization of CPMs with inorganic matter allows the hierarchized or asymmetric spatial structures with coexisted micro-, meso-, and macropores. [11] Polymer synthesis in MOF channels can control the structures and aggregate states of polymers, resulting in polymer features that have never been realized. [12] Thus, hybridization of CPMs with other functional materials creates new worlds for both CPM chemistry and materials sciences as the rich specific surface areas and reaction sites provide infinite possibilities for hybridization. The strategy of hybridization is mainly based on the following two considerations: 1) hybridization can integrate the respective advantages of components to realize a synergistic effect; 2) it can break through the limitations of MOFs and COFs, such as the poor electrical conductivity, low tap density, processing difficulties, and irreversible structure degradation when used as electrodes or electrolytes, etc., which adversely affect performance and hinder scale-up production. Hybrid objects include but are not limited to carbon-based materials, conducting or insulating polymers, small organic molecules, electrolyte salts. Many excellent reviews have summarized the research progress of CPM hybrids or composites, either from the angle of detailed hybrid counterpart or specific application. [13] Here, in this review, we elaborate the hybridization from different dimensionalities, i.e., molecular, microscopic, and macroscopic level, to refine the underlying chemistry and material science. We first introduce recent progress regarding various hybridization methods and hybrid effect evaluations. Then we summarize the performance of MOF and COF hybrids at different categories in rechargeable batteries including metal-ion batteries (MIBs) (e.g., lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), potassium-ion Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are important members of crystalline porous materials due to their huge structural diversity and tunability. By hybridizing MOFs or COFs with other materials, restrictions of the pristine materials, i.e., poor conductivity and weak mechanical property, can be effectively circumvented. This review summarizes several hybridization techniques from the molecular level to the micro-and macroscales for the preparation of various MOF and COF hybrids. Then, their representative applications as electrochemical energy storage devices are elaborated, such as rechargeable batteries, supercapa...
