Orthotopic xenograft animal model from human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines often do not recapitulate an extremely important aspect of invasive growth and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene overexpression of human GBM. We developed an orthotopic xenograft model by solid transplantation of human GBM into the brain of nude mouse. The orthotopic xenografts sharing the same histopathological features with their original human GBMs were highly invasive and retained the overexpression of EGFR gene. The murine orthotopic GBM models constitute a valuable in vivo system for preclinical studies to test novel therapies for human GBM.

Aims: This study examined how the mediating effect of psychological distress and the moderating role of social support influence the connection between psychological capital and turnover intention among Chinese nurses.Background: Nurses play a crucial role in medical and health services, but turnover intentions are common among them.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 4865 nurses in China.The Chinese Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Turnover Intention Scale were used to gather data. Bootstrap and simple slope methods were used to test the mediating effect of psychological distress and the moderating effect of social support.Results: Psychological capital had a significant direct impact on turnover intention among nurses (B = À0.040, t = À10.032, p < .001). Psychological distress had a mediation effect of 46.89% between psychological capital and turnover intention.Moreover, social support had a moderating role in the relationship between psychological distress and psychological capital and between psychological distress and turnover intention.Conclusions: Psychological capital correlated negatively with psychological distress and turnover intention and indirectly influenced turnover intention through psychological distress. Social support moderated the first and second half of the path in the mediating model of psychological distress. These findings have implications for early intervention for and the prevention of turnover intention in nurses.Implications for Nursing Management: This study's findings can inform the design of effective nurse support programmes to reduce the impact of psychological distress on turnover intention among nurses.

Using an orthotopic intracerebral model from our established HM55-BGIV-101 tumor line, we investigated the antitumor effect on the angiogenesis and growth of human glioblastoma after treatment with monoclonal antibody DC101 against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and monoclonal antibody C225 against the epidermal growth factor receptor. Nude mice bearing intracerebral glioblastoma xenografts were treated intraperitoneally with DC101 and C225 either alone or in combination. Histopathological analysis of solid tumor volume, satellite tumor number, microvessel density, tumor cell proliferation, and apoptosis was performed. In the DC101-treated group, solid tumor volume and microvessel density were reduced by 59.7 and 64%, respectively; tumor cell proliferative activity was reduced by 53.2% and the apoptotic index (AI) was increased by 66.7%; satellite tumor number was enhanced by 84.4%. C225 alone reduced satellite tumor number by 43.3%, but had no effect on solid tumor volume, microvessel density, tumor cell proliferation, and apoptosis. C225 combined with DC101 not only reduced solid tumor volume, microvessel density, tumor cell proliferative activity, and increased AI, but also reduced satellite tumor number. Inhibition of angiogenesis achieved by DC101 can cause increased tumor cell invasiveness. In our studies this increased tumor cell invasiveness was inhibited simultaneously by C225, which provides a theoretical basis for treatment of glioblastoma by the method of combining drugs with different pharmacological activity.

Aims This study aims to investigate the impact of occupational exposure on job satisfaction and overall happiness and to identify related factors of job satisfaction and overall happiness among physicians and nurses. Background Occupational exposure against physicians and nurses has become one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted among physicians and nurses from 14 public tertiary hospitals using purposive sampling. Propensity score matching was used to compare job satisfaction and overall happiness among physicians and nurses with and without occupational exposure. Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify and analyse the influencing factors of job satisfaction and overall happiness. Results A total of 2139 physicians and nurses (55.59%) from 3791 participants had experienced occupational exposure hazards. Before matching, the job satisfaction and overall happiness among the physicians and nurses were 38.54% and 42.14%, respectively. Participants who experienced occupational exposure were more likely to develop job dissatisfaction (OR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–1.28) and overall unhappiness (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05–1.46) than those who did not. Participants' work experience, self‐evaluated health status, satisfaction with the work environment, evaluation of doctor–patient relationship and stress were common factors affecting job satisfaction and overall happiness. Conclusions Our findings suggest that physicians and nurses who experience occupational exposure are more likely to develop job dissatisfaction and overall unhappiness, especially if they have shorter work experience and a tense or neutral relationship with patients. Implications for Nursing Management It is necessary to pay attention to the occupational exposure. When physicians and nurses experience occupational exposure, managers could provide support to prevent job dissatisfaction and unhappiness.